Artreya School - Artreya School

Japanese: アートレーヤ学派 - あーとれーやがくは
Artreya School - Artreya School


[Roles and status of doctors]
From a sociological perspective, a doctor is someone who has advanced knowledge and skills in medical care, is emotionally stable, remains calm in emergency situations, and meets the role expectations of using his or her knowledge and skills for the social good of saving patients (T. Parsons). Therefore, in modern society, in order to show that one has advanced knowledge and skills, (1) one has received a higher education, and has studied for many years longer than many other professionals, (2) the content of that education and training is based on science, which is the most trusted in modern society and is generally recognized as knowledge that uses objectivity as a means to maintain emotional stability, and (3) one is a professional who is legally guaranteed to practice medicine exclusively through a national license based on the Medical Practitioners Act, etc.

From [Indian Medicine]

…Two schools contributed to this systematization. One was the Atreya school, centered in Taxila in northwest India, and the other was the Dhanvantari school, based in Benares in eastern India. There are regional differences between the two, but what is striking is that the former is entirely medical, while the latter employs many surgical treatments. …

From the Charaka Samhita

…One of the two great classical medical texts of India. It is named after Charaka, who is said to have been the personal physician of King Kanishka (2nd century), but it is not a book that can be attributed to Charaka personally. It is a compilation of the medical teachings of the Atreya school centered in Taxila, a capital of northwest India. It was compiled by Agnivesha from the teachings of the legendary medical saint Atreya, and Charaka was one of the editors. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Artreya School" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【医者の役割と地位】
 社会学的にとらえると,医者とは医療に関して高度の知識や技術を保持しており,感情的に安定し,緊急事態においても動揺せず,さらにみずからの知識や技術を病人の救助という社会的な善に向けるという役割期待にこたえているものをいう(T.パーソンズ)。したがって現代社会では,高度の知識・技術の保持者であることを示すために,(1)高等教育を受けていること,しかも他の多くの職能者より長年月学習し,(2)その教育訓練の内容も近代社会でもっとも信頼され,また感情的な安定を保持するため,客観性を手段とした知識であると一般に認められている科学を基本にして行われているうえに,(3)医師法などに基づき独占的に医療を行うことを国の免許によって法的にも保証された職能者である。…

【インド医学】より

…この体系化には二つの学派が貢献している。ひとつは北西インドのタキシラを中心とするアートレーヤ学派であり,もうひとつは東インドのベナレスに根拠を置くダンバンタリ学派である。両者には地域性による相違もあるが,著しいのは前者が徹頭徹尾内科的療法を行うのに対し,後者は多くの外科的療法を採用していることである。…

【チャラカ・サンヒター】より

…インド二大古典医学書の一つ。カニシカ王(2世紀)の侍医といわれるチャラカの名で呼ばれているが,チャラカ個人に帰すべき書物ではなく,北西インドの都タキシラを中心とするアートレーヤ学派の医学をまとめたものである。アートレーヤという伝説的医聖の教えをアグニベーシャが編纂したものであり,チャラカは改編者の一人である。…

※「アートレーヤ学派」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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