…GN Lewis and I. Langmuir proposed the eight-corner theory, which describes the electron nucleus of an atom as a cube and posits that electrons vibrate at its eight corners, and succeeded in explaining not only ionic bonds but also covalent bonds. Furthermore, to explain the bonding patterns of compounds containing elements from the third period or later, for which the eight-corner rule may no longer be applicable, British Nevil Vincent Sidgwick (1873-1952) discovered the effective atomic number rule and proposed the concept of coordinate bonds. The theory of covalent bonds in hydrogen molecules was first quantitatively established by W. Heitler and F. London (1927), and was further expanded by John Clarke Slater (1900-76) and LC Pauling, and systematized as the valence bond theory. … From [Coordination Compounds]...A. Werner gave up on the classical valence theory and in 1893 published the theory that became the backbone of the coordination theory, which states that molecules and other elements are arranged in a spatially fixed position specific to a metal atom to form the first sphere (or coordination sphere) (Figure 3). Later, it was discovered that NH 3 and other molecules can bond because the lone electron pair of N is donated to the central metal atom (Sidgwick NV Sidgwick, 1927), and this bond was called a coordinate bond because it explains the coordination theory in terms of electronic theory. Therefore, not only complex compounds but also compounds with coordinate bonds are sometimes called coordination compounds in general. ... *Some of the terminology references "Sidgwick, NV" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…G.N.ルイスとI.ラングミュアは,原子の電子核を立方体を用いて表現し,電子がその八隅で振動しているとする八隅説を唱え,イオン結合のみならず共有結合の説明に成功した。さらに八隅則が適用できなくなることもある第三周期以降の元素を含む化合物の結合様式を説明するため,イギリスのシジウィックNevil Vincent Sidgwick(1873‐1952)は有効原子番号則を発見し,配位結合の考え方を提案した。水素分子の共有結合の理論はW.ハイトラーとF.ロンドンによって初めて定量的基礎が与えられ(1927),さらにスレーターJohn Clarke Slater(1900‐76),L.C.ポーリングによって拡張され,原子価結合法として体系化された。… 【配位化合物】より…A.ウェルナーは古典的な原子価論で説明することを断念し,1893年,金属原子を中心にして分子などがその原子特有の空間的に定まった位置に配列して第1圏(あるいは配位圏)をつくるという配位説の骨格となる理論を発表した(図3)。後になって,NH3などが結合できるのはNの孤立電子対が中心金属原子に供与されるためであることがわかり(シジウィックN.V.Sidgwick,1927),この結合は配位説を電子論的に説明するものであることから配位結合と呼ばれた。そのため錯化合物に限らず,配位結合をもつ化合物を広く配位化合物と呼ぶ場合もある。… ※「Sidgwick,N.V.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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