Ancient Greek warriors. They appeared in the late 8th century BC, called hoplites (shield soldiers). They were equipped with a bronze round shield (hoplon) about 1 meter in diameter, a bronze helmet, breastplates and shin guards made of bronze, leather, or linen, iron spears 2 to 2.5 meters long, and iron daggers, and fought in phalanxes (thick formations). At first, they were mainly nobles who rode to the battlefield on horseback, but from the late 7th century BC, wealthy commoners, and from the late 6th century BC, a wide range of small and medium-sized citizens became hoplites who walked to the battlefield. From the 5th century BC to the early 4th century BC, hoplites became the main warriors of Greece. Greek hoplite equipment was introduced to Rome around the middle of the 6th century BC, probably through the Etruscans, and it is believed that it was used until the beginning of the 4th century BC. [Shoji Kiyonaga] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代ギリシアの戦士。ホプリテスhoplites(楯(たて)兵)と称し、紀元前8世紀後半に出現した。直径約1メートルの青銅の丸盾(ホプロンhoplon)、青銅の冑(かぶと)、青銅・皮・麻などの胸甲と臑(すね)当、長さ2~2.5メートルの鉄の突き槍、鉄の短剣に身を固め、ファランクス(密集隊)を組んで戦った。初めは騎馬で戦場に赴く貴族が中心であったが、前7世紀後半から富裕な平民が、また前6世紀後半からは広範な中小市民までが徒歩で戦場に向かう重装歩兵となった。前5~前4世紀前半には、重装歩兵がギリシアの主要な戦士となった。ローマでは前6世紀なかばごろ、おそらくエトルリア人を通してギリシアの重装歩兵の装備が導入され、前4世紀初めまで用いられたと思われる。 [清永昭次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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