...When these forces are not perpendicular to the surface, they are divided into components perpendicular to the surface and parallel to it, and when the perpendicular components push against each other, it is called pressure (when they pull against each other, it is called tension). Since pressure acts over an expansive surface, even if the magnitude of the total force (called total pressure) is the same, the strength of the pressure felt at each point on the surface will differ depending on the size of the area receiving it. Therefore, when a force of magnitude P is applied uniformly to an area S , the strength of that pressure is defined as p = P / S. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "intensity of pressure" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これらの力が面に垂直でないときには,それを面に垂直な成分と平行な成分とに分け,垂直成分が押し合う力になっているときにこれを圧力という(引き合うときは張力)。 圧力は広がりをもった面にわたって働くものであるから,全体の力の大きさ(全圧力という)が同じでも,それを受ける面積の大小によって面上の各点が感ずる圧力の強さは異なる。そこで,大きさPの力が面積Sのところに一様にかかっている場合に,その圧力の強さはp=P/Sであると定義する。… ※「圧力の強さ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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