Also known as the Republican calendar. This calendar was enacted by the National Convention on October 24, 1793 during the French Revolution. In September 1792, the abolition of the monarchy was proclaimed, but the following year the National Convention abolished the Gregorian calendar and entrusted the calendar reform to C. Romme, the Commissioner of Public Education, in order to eliminate any Catholic influence. A committee including mathematicians G. Monge and J. Lagrange, and literary scholars F. Deglantine, considered the Maréchal calendar (1788), which had been based on the ancient Egyptian and Persian calendars, as the original plan, and adopted it with few changes. The first year began on September 22, 1792 (the day the Republic was founded), the day the French Republic was established (the first year does not actually exist). A year had 12 months, each with 30 days (12 x 30 = 360 days), and the remaining 5-6 days (in leap years) were used at the end of the year as "Saints-Culotte Days" for republican celebrations. The names of the months were: Grape month, Fog month, and Frost month for the three autumn months, Snow month, Rain month, and Wind month for the three winter months, Bud month, Flower month, and Grass month for the three spring months, Harvest month, Heat month, and Fruit month for the three summer months. This revolutionary calendar was used until January 1, 1806, when it was abolished and the Gregorian calendar was restored. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
共和暦とも呼ばれる。国民公会によってフランス革命中の 1793年 10月 24日に施行された暦法。 92年9月に王制廃止の宣言が出されたが,翌年国民公会は西暦を廃止し,カトリック的色彩を一掃するために,公共教育委員長 C.ロンムに改暦をまかせた。 G.モンジュ,J.ラグランジュらの数学者,F.デグランティーヌらの文学者を含む委員会は,原案として,以前に古代エジプト暦やペルシア暦をもとに案出されていたマレシャールの暦法 (1788) を審議し,ほとんど変更なくそれを採用した。第1年はフランス共和国の成立した 92年9月 22日 (共和政成立の日) から始る (第1年は実際には存在しない) 。1年を 12ヵ月,1ヵ月を 30日とし (12× 30=360日) ,年間5~6 (閏年) 日の残り (太陽暦に比べて) は,年末におき,「サン=キュロットの日」として共和政祝典の儀式にあてた。各月の名称は,秋の3ヵ月はぶどう月,霧月,霜月,冬の3ヵ月は雪月,雨月,風月,春の3ヵ月は芽月,花月,草月,夏の3ヵ月は収穫月,熱月,実月とされた。 1805年まで用いられ,06年1月1日にこの革命暦は廃止され,グレゴリオ暦に復帰した。
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