At the beginning of the year, this is a ritual related to a family business or occupation, held to pray for bountiful harvests and prosperity throughout the year. In addition to being called Kotohajime, it is also called various other names, such as Nai-zome, Tauchi Shogatsu, Kuwa-iri, Hatsuyama, and Fune-iwai, depending on the work being done. These events are often held on the 2nd, 4th, 11th, 14th, or 15th of the New Year. Merchants' first shipments and sales are almost always on the 2nd, and they sell at low prices and give away prizes. On this day, women would do needlework or weaving, just to go by the name of Sewing-zome. In addition, the first calligraphy, singing, and dancing are also held as the first arts activities. Farmers would pound straw and do a little work with the straw. Sometimes people go to the fields early in the morning and pretend to till the land with a hoe, or pretend to plant rice by using New Year's pine trees as rice seedlings; this is often done on the 11th or on the first day of the new year. People who work in the mountains go to the mountains on the 2nd or 11th to cut down trees, make offerings to the mountain gods, and pray for safety in their work. People who work in the fishing industry also gather on their boats around this time to worship the spirits of boats and pray for a good catch. All of these are merely ceremonial acts that are part of the New Year festivities, and the actual start of work takes place one after the other after the New Year period is over. [Tadahiko Kuraishi] A scene of the first sales on the first day of the New Year on Osaka's Shinsaibashi Street, where shops and wholesalers are lined up. It depicts the early morning of the second day of the New Year, when many people gather under the light of lanterns hanging from the eaves. Painting by Hasegawa Sadanobu (I), "One Hundred Scenes of Naniwa, Scenes of the First Sales on Shinsaibashi Street, " owned by the National Diet Library . New Year's Sale Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
年の初めにあたり、年間の豊穣(ほうじょう)や繁栄を祈って行われる家業・生業に関する儀礼。事(こと)始めとよばれるほか、行われる仕事によって、ない初(ぞ)め、田打ち正月、鍬(くわ)入れ、初山(はつやま)、舟祝いなどさまざまによばれる。これらの行事は正月の2日、4日、11日、14日、15日などに行われることが多い。商家の初荷・初売りはほぼ2日に一定しており、安売りをして景品を出したりする。女性はこの日に縫い初(ぞ)めといって形だけでも針仕事をしたり、機(はた)織りをしたりした。このほか、書初(ぞ)め、謡初(ぞ)め、舞い初(ぞ)めなどの芸事始めも行われる。農家では藁(わら)を打ってほんのすこし藁仕事をしたりする。早朝に田畑へ行き、鍬を入れて耕作をするまねをしたり、正月の松を稲苗に見立てて田植のまねをしたりすることもあるが、これは11日や小正月に行われることが多い。山仕事に従事する者は2日や11日などに山へ行って木を伐(き)り、山の神に供え物をして仕事の安全を祈る。漁業に従事する者もこのころ舟に集まって舟霊(ふなだま)様を祀(まつ)り、豊漁を祈ったりする。いずれも正月行事の一環として儀礼的に行われるだけで、実際の仕事始めは正月の期間が終わってから順次行われるのである。 [倉石忠彦] 商店や問屋が軒を連ねる大坂・心斎橋通りの初売りの光景。正月2日の早朝、軒先に掲げられた提灯の灯りのもと、多くの人でにぎわうようすが描かれている。長谷川貞信(初世)画『浪華百景之内 心斎橋通初売之景』国立国会図書館所蔵"> 初売り 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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