Revolutionary trials are part of revolutionary actions, especially revolutionary terrorist acts, and are not trials in the normal or strict sense of the word. They are usually taken immediately after a revolution by the newly powerful classes or ruling groups in order to suppress or prevent counter-revolution by the old ruling classes and to coerce those who do not cooperate with the revolution, that is, as an act of self-defense for the revolution itself. As such, they often turn into acts of cruel bloodshed, and the trial procedures often become mere formalities or rituals. Revolutionary trials have accompanied almost all revolutions since the modern era, and the French Revolution is particularly well known, but in the 20th century, the Soviet and Chinese cases are typical examples. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
革命裁判は革命行動,とくに革命的テロ行為の一部であり,通常のないしは厳密な意味での裁判ではない。それは通常,革命の直後に,新しく権力を握った階級や統治集団が,旧支配層の反革命を抑圧ないし予防し,革命への非協力者を強制するために,つまり革命自体の自衛行動として行う非常手段である。したがって,それはしばしば残虐な流血行為に転化し,裁判手続は単なる形式もしくは儀礼と化することが少なくない。 革命裁判は近代以降の革命のほとんどすべてに随伴しており,とくにフランス革命におけるそれが有名であるが,20世紀においてはソ連と中国の事例が典型的である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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