They are said to be descendants of the Illyrians, the oldest people in the Balkans, and are an ethnic group that makes up Albania in the southwest of the peninsula. They call themselves Ščiptar. They speak Albanian, and are part of the Indo-European language family. They live in Albania, as well as in neighboring Kosovo, North Macedonia, Italy, and Greece. Albania gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but the borders were drawn based on the balance of power at the time, so many Albanians were left outside the small country of Albania. This led to conflicts over the Albanian issue in Kosovo and Macedonia (now North Macedonia) (→Kosovo conflict, Macedonian conflict). They are divided into the Gheg, who live in the mountainous region in the north of Albania, and the Tosku, who live in the south. However, each has a strong sense of belonging and different customs, which prevented the formation of a unified state for a long time until independence in 1912. The Gheg make their living as livestock farmers, while the Tosku in the south engage in agriculture and commerce. More than half of the population is Muslim, with the rest being Eastern Orthodox and Catholic. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
バルカン半島最古の民族イリュリア人の子孫といわれ,半島南西部のアルバニアを構成する民族。自称シュチプタル。言語はアルバニア語で,インド=ヨーロッパ語族に属する。アルバニアのほか,近隣のコソボ,北マケドニア,イタリア,ギリシアなどにも居住する。アルバニアは 1912年にオスマン帝国から独立したが,当時の力関係に基づいて国境が画定されたため,小国アルバニアの国外に多くのアルバニア人が取り残されることになった。このため,コソボやマケドニア(現北マケドニア)でアルバニア人問題をめぐる紛争が生ずることになった(→コソボ紛争,マケドニア紛争)。アルバニア国内北部の山岳地方に住むゲグ族と南部のトスク族に分かれるが,それぞれ帰属意識が強く,習俗も異なるため,1912年の独立にいたるまで長期にわたって統一国家の形成を妨げる結果となった。ゲグ族は牧畜を生業とし,南部のトスク族は農業,商業を営む。宗教は人口の半数以上がイスラム教で,ほかに東方正教会,カトリックが多い。
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