jester

Japanese: jester
jester

…The word fool originates from the Latin follis (meaning bellows), which is thought to have likened the meaningless words of a clown to the wind. There are many other similar words, such as the buffoon (which also comes from the Italian buffa, meaning wind) who dined at banquets for the aristocrats and wealthy, the jester employed by the court, the joker in the Tarot (later playing cards), the trickster who appears in myths, legends and rituals, and the clown who is an indispensable part of popular entertainment from the commedia dell'arte to the circus, music halls and silent movies. It is impossible to distinguish and define these in an orderly way, but the role of a playful critic of fixed order and a dismantler of the framework of thought, which is typically shown by the "ceremonial clown" described below, is common to clowns in all fields. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "jester" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…foolの語源はラテン語のフォリスfollis(〈ふいご〉の意)で,道化の無内容な言葉を〈風〉にたとえたと思われる。他にも類語は多く,貴族・富豪の饗宴に伴食したバフーンbuffoon(これも〈風〉を意味するイタリア語buffaに由来する),宮廷お抱えのジェスターjester,タロット(のちのトランプ)のジョーカーjoker,神話・伝説や儀礼に登場するいたずら者のトリックスター,そしてコメディア・デラルテからサーカスを経てミュージック・ホールや無声映画にいたる民衆的芸能に欠かせぬクラウンなどがある。 これらを整然と区別し定義するのは不可能だが,後述する〈儀礼の道化〉が典型的に示している,固定的な秩序へのおどけた批判者,思考の枠組みの解体者という役割は,あらゆる分野の道化に共通して見られる。…

※「jester」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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