Chemically, it is used as a general term for nitrite esters of amyl alcohol isomers, such as n -amyl nitrite CH3CH2CH2CH2ONO and isoamyl nitrite (CH3)2CHCH2CH2ONO , but in medicine, it is used as the common name for isoamyl nitrite. Amyl nitrite is a coronary vasodilator that has been used as an emergency medicine for angina attacks since the 19th century. It is a pale yellow liquid with a fruity scent, and is sold commercially in thin, tubular ampoules containing 0.25 milliliters. During an attack, the ampoule is broken, absorbed into gauze, and inhaled by applying it to the tip of the nose. The amount used at one time is 0.2 milliliters, and the maximum approved dosage is 0.25 milliliters at one time. It is a highly toxic drug. It acts within 30 seconds and its effect lasts for about 5 to 10 minutes. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate are mainly used for angina attacks at present. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学的には亜硝酸-n-アミルCH3CH2CH2CH2ONOや亜硝酸イソアミル(CH3)2CHCH2CH2ONOなど、アミルアルコール異性体の亜硝酸エステルの総称として用いられるが、医薬面では亜硝酸イソアミルの通称名として使われる。亜硝酸アミルは冠血管拡張剤で、19世紀以来、狭心症発作の救急薬として使われてきた。淡黄色で果実のような香りを有する液体で、細い管状のアンプルに0.25ミリリットル入ったものが市販されている。発作時に、アンプルを割り、ガーゼに吸収させて鼻先にあてて吸入する。1回の使用量は0.2ミリリットル、承認投与量の上限は1回0.25ミリリットル。劇薬。30秒以内に作用し、5~10分くらい効果が持続する。なお、狭心症発作には現在おもにニトログリセリンや硝酸イソソルビドが使われている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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