...A man who lived around 250 B.C. He wrote the Bārtika, a commentary on Pānini's Ashtadhyāyi, the first achievement of Sanskrit grammar. However, it is not merely a commentary; it selectively (deals with only one-third of Pānini's text) and critically examines and elucidates the rules of his master, supplements them, and occasionally points out their errors, in line with changes in linguistic usage. From [Panini]…An ancient Indian grammarian from the 5th to 4th century BCE. Author of the Aṣṭādhyāyī (Eight Chapters), usually known as the Pānīni Grammar. Taking into account examples from Vedic language (an ancient Sanskrit language used in the time of the Vedas), he modeled his language use on those who knew correct usage without studying grammar, and established Sanskrit as the written, elegant, and sacred language of India. … From the Grammar School...The pioneer of etymology as a study of the Vedic scriptures was Yaska, who wrote the Nirukta around 500 B.C. The oldest surviving grammar book is the Ashtadhyayi (also known as the Panini Sutra) by Panini, who was active in the 5th to 4th centuries B.C. This book is a very clever and concise composition of grammatical rules, and is said to have provided a valuable hint to the modern linguist Chomsky when he invented generative grammar. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ashtadhyayi" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…前250年ころの人。サンスクリット文法学の最初の成果であるパーニニの《アシュターディヤーイー》に対する注解《バールティカ》を著した。しかしそれは単なる祖述にとどまらず,言語的慣用の変化に即し,選択的に(パーニニの1/3だけあつかう),批判的に師主の規則を吟味,解明し,補足的に規則を改善し,まれにはこれの誤りを指摘している。… 【パーニニ】より…古代インド,前5~前4世紀の文法学者。通常《パーニニ文典(文法)》の名で知られる《アシュターディヤーイーAṣṭādhyāyī(八章編)》の著者。彼はベーダ語(ベーダの時代に用いられていたサンスクリットの古語)の用例を顧慮しつつ,〈文法を学ばずして,正しい語法をわきまえた人士〉の言語使用に範を取り,その当時西北インドに〈話し言葉〉とされていたインド・アーリヤ語に規矩を与え,サンスクリットをインドの文章語,雅語,聖語として定着させた。… 【文法学派】より…ベーダ聖典研究としての語源学の先駆者としては前500年ころにヤースカが現れて《ニルクタ》を著した。現存する最古の文法学書は前5~前4世紀に活躍したパーニニの《アシュターディヤーイー》(別名《パーニニ・スートラ》)である。この書はきわめて巧妙かつ簡潔に文法の規則を構成したもので,現代の言語学者チョムスキーが生成文法を創案するにあたって有力なヒントをえたといわれる。… ※「《アシュターディヤーイー》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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