Cabinet meeting - Kakugi

Japanese: 閣議 - かくぎ
Cabinet meeting - Kakugi

A Cabinet meeting is a meeting held by the Cabinet to decide on its own decisions in carrying out its duties. It is presided over by the Prime Minister. Any Minister may submit any matter to the Prime Minister and request a Cabinet meeting (Cabinet Law, Article 4).

The agenda of cabinet meetings is determined by customary law, and two of the most important points are that the agenda must be decided by unanimity and that the contents of cabinet meetings must be kept highly confidential. Maintaining the secrecy of cabinet meetings is an important duty of each minister who attends them, and it is considered necessary to maintain secrecy even after they leave their posts. In addition, while agendas in public deliberations are usually decided by majority vote, cabinet meetings in particular must be decided by unanimity because the cabinet must act in a unified manner, be accountable to the Diet, and act in a unified manner. Unanimity usually gives undue weight to the voices of the minority, which may weaken the unity of the cabinet. Therefore, the Constitution of Japan gives the Prime Minister the power to dismiss ministers of state to prevent this from happening. There are regular cabinet meetings held on fixed days each week, and extraordinary cabinet meetings convened as necessary. In principle, the ministers meet in person to hold the meeting, but when an issue requires an urgent decision, is relatively minor, and it is clear that consensus can be reached, a "rotating cabinet meeting" by circulating documents is permitted as a convenient method. There are two methods of decision-making: "Cabinet Decisions," which are made on matters of official authority set out in the Constitution and laws, and important policy matters, and "Cabinet Understandings," which are made on relatively minor matters that are considered appropriate for promoting communication and unification among administrative departments. In addition, there are "Cabinet Reports," in which each chief minister reports to the Cabinet on the administration under his/her jurisdiction.

[Masaaki Ikeda]

[Reference] | Cabinet

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

内閣が、その職務を行うにあたり、自らの意思を決定するために開く会議をいう。内閣総理大臣が主宰する。すべての大臣は、いかなる案件でも、内閣総理大臣に提出して閣議を求めることができる(内閣法4条)。

 閣議の議事については、すべて慣習法で定まっており、そのうちとくに重要なのは、閣議の議事が全会一致で決せられること、および閣議の内容について高度の秘密が要求されていること、の2点である。閣議の秘密を守ることは、それに列席する各大臣の重大な義務であり、彼らが大臣を辞めても、その秘密は守らなければならないと考えられている。また公の合議における議事は過半数で決するのが通例であるが、閣議についてはとくに全会一致で決すべきものとされているのは、内閣が連帯して国会に責任を負い、統一的な行動をとる必要があるためである。全会一致主義は通常、少数者の発言に過当な重さを与え、閣内の統合力が弱くなるおそれがある。そこで、日本国憲法は、内閣総理大臣に国務大臣罷免権を与え、この弊害を防ぐことにしている。閣議には、毎週の定日に開かれる定例閣議と、必要に応じて招集される臨時閣議とがある。各大臣が現実に集会して行われるのを原則とするが、案件が緊急の決定を要し、かつ比較的軽微で、意見の一致が得られることが明確な場合、便法として書類回付による「持回り閣議」も認められている。なお、意思決定の方法には、憲法、法律に定められた職務権限事項や重要政策事項について行われる「閣議決定」と、比較的軽微な事項で行政各部の連絡・統一を図るうえで適当と考えられる場合に行われる「閣議了解」とがある。このほか各主任大臣がその所管行政について閣議に報告する「閣議報告」がある。

[池田政章]

[参照項目] | 内閣

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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