Aksum; Axum

Japanese: アクスム(英語表記)Aksum; Axum
Aksum; Axum
An ancient city in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. It is located about 20 km west of Adwa, at an altitude of 2,100 m. It was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Aksum, and is now a tourist city known for its ruins. It has long been considered a holy place for the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and the 14th century epic poem "Kebra Negast" (meaning "Glory of the King") contains the legend that Menelik I, the son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, moved the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem to Aksum. The Ark is said to be kept in the Church of St. Mary of Zion in the city, but the church itself has been destroyed and rebuilt repeatedly over the centuries, and the current building was built in the 17th century. In the 1950s, the then Emperor Haile Selassie built a new Church of St. Mary of Zion nearby. More than 120 stone obelisks, called stele, remain, including some that have collapsed, with the tallest reaching 34 meters (destroyed). The 24-meter-tall obelisk, thought to have been built around 300 AD at the latest, was removed by the Italian army in 1937, but was returned in 2005 and re-erected in 2008, the year 2000 in the Coptic calendar. At least 27 stone carved thrones have also been excavated from the overgrown ruins. The archaeological site was registered as a cultural heritage site of the World Heritage Sites in 1980. The city has an airport, hospital, community center, etc. Population: 47,300 (2006 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
エチオピア北部ティグレ地方にある古代都市。アドワ Adowaの西方約 20km,標高 2100mの高地にある。古代王国アクスムの首都で,現在は遺跡で知られる観光都市である。古くからエチオピア正教の聖地とされ,14世紀の叙事詩『ケブラ・ネガスト』(「王の栄光」の意)には,ソロモンとシバの女王の息子と伝わるメネリク1世が,契約の櫃をエルサレムからアクスムに移したという伝説が記されている。市内にあるシオンの聖マリア教会にその櫃が保管されていると伝えられているが,教会自体が何世紀にもわたって破壊と再建を繰り返し,現在の建物は 17世紀建造である。なお,1950年代に当時の皇帝ハイレ・セラシエによって,近隣に新しいシオンの聖マリア教会が建てられた。ステレと呼ばれる石のオベリスクが,倒壊したものも含め 120基以上も残存し,最も高いもので約 34m(倒壊)にも及ぶ。1937年にイタリア軍によって持ち去られたが,遅くとも西暦 300年頃につくられたとみられる高さ約 24mのオベリスクは 2005年に返還され,コプト暦の 2000年にあたる 2008年に再設置された。このほか草木の生い茂った遺跡からは,少なくとも 27基の石彫の玉座が出土している。一連の考古遺跡は 1980年に世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。市内には空港,病院,コミュニティセンターなどがある。人口 4万7300(2006推計)。

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