It is a settlement agreement concluded between the parties in a civil dispute outside of court. In order to resolve disputes over the amount and payment method of damages for torts such as traffic accidents, or private law disputes that arise when land or a house is not handed over at the appointed time, if the parties make concessions through discussion and receive a certain degree of satisfaction, there is no need for litigation as a final solution. Such discussions between the parties outside of court are generally called out of court. This settlement can be made even while a lawsuit is in progress, but unlike a settlement in a lawsuit, it does not necessarily end the lawsuit, and the result can only be submitted to the court as a method of attack and defense. Therefore, a settlement document does not have the same effect as a final judgment like a record of a settlement in a lawsuit (settlement in a lawsuit or settlement before indictment) (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 89, 267, and 275, paragraph 1, Civil Procedure Rules, Article 169). However, in many cases, if it is determined that there is no point in continuing the lawsuit any further by proving that this settlement agreement was concluded, the lawsuit will be dismissed. In contrast, as mentioned above, settlements in litigation or pre-indictment settlements, once recorded in a record, are given the same effect as a final judgment and are given strong power, such as the ability to enforce them based on that judgment if enforcement is necessary (Civil Execution Act, Article 22). [Takeyoshi Uchida and Tetsuo Kato] [Reference items] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
民事上の紛争について裁判外で当事者間に成立した和解契約のことをいう。交通事故などの不法行為による損害賠償について、その賠償額や支払い方法などをめぐっての争いや、定められた時期に土地や家屋を引き渡さないときに生ずる私法上の争いを解決するために、当事者間の話し合いで互いに譲り合って、ある程度の満足を受けることになれば、最終的解決方法としての訴訟にする必要はなくなるわけである。当事者が裁判外でこのような話し合いをすることを一般に示談といっている。この示談は、訴訟が進行中であってもなすことができるが、訴訟上の和解とは異なり、それによっては当然に訴訟が終了するものではなく、その結果を裁判所に攻撃防御方法として提出できるだけである。したがって、示談書は、裁判上の和解(訴訟上の和解や起訴前の和解)調書のように確定判決と同一の効力をもつものではない(民事訴訟法89条・267条・275条1項、民事訴訟規則169条)。ただ多くの場合には、この和解契約が結ばれたことを証明することによって、それ以上、訴訟を続ける意味がなくなったと判断されれば、訴えを退けてもらうことができることになろう。これに対して、訴訟上の和解や起訴前の和解は、前記のように、それが調書に記載されると、確定した判決と同一の効果が認められ、執行が必要な場合には、それに基づいて強制執行もできるなどの強い効力が与えられている(民事執行法22条)。 [内田武吉・加藤哲夫] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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