Most genes are made up of chromosomes and reside in the nucleus. These nuclear genes are transmitted from parents to children according to Mendel's laws. However, organisms have genetic factors other than nuclear genes. One type of genetic factor is a gene specific to that organism that resides in organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. The inheritance of cytoplasmic genes and the traits controlled by these genes is called cytoplasmic inheritance. Organisms also often have plasmids, viruses, and parasitic or symbiotic microorganisms such as bacteria that can replicate autonomously in their cytoplasm. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
遺伝子の大部分は染色体を構成し,核に存在する。この核内遺伝子はメンデルの法則に従って両親から子どもへ伝達される。しかし,生物は核内遺伝子以外にも遺伝因子をもつ。その一つはミトコンドリアや色素体のような細胞小器官に存在するその生物固有の遺伝子で,細胞質遺伝子とよばれる。細胞質遺伝子およびこの遺伝子に支配される形質の遺伝を細胞質遺伝という。 生物はまたその細胞質中に自己増殖できるプラスミド,ウイルス,バクテリア様の寄生・共生微生物をもっていることが多い。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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