Ionian School

Japanese: イオニア学派 - いおにあがくは
Ionian School

The Ionian region, located in the middle of the west coast of Asia Minor, was home to many ancient Greek colonies. This region had contact with advanced countries in the East by land and sea, and was influenced by the ancient Oriental civilizations, leading to an early cultural development. Philosophy was born in this region around the 6th century BC, and produced some of the oldest Greek philosophers, collectively known as the Ionian School. Their philosophy is natural philosophy, which deals with nature (physis), but since they first sought a single fundamental substance (arche, the original thing) and discussed the origins of nature based on this, it is essentially monistic. They also taught that this fundamental substance is alive, moves and changes on its own, giving rise to all things, and therefore take the position of animism (hyroteoism). Furthermore, an important issue for this school was to clarify how the universe was formed from this living fundamental substance, so their philosophical form was cosmology, which discusses the origin and composition of the universe. The main people who belonged to the Ionian school were Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Hippon, and Diogenes of Apollonia. Among them, Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, who were from Miletus, are particularly known as the Milesian school, and Hippon and Diogenes are also considered to be descendants of the Milesian school.

[Mikiya Suzuki]

"Pre-Socratic Philosophy" by Jean Brun, translated by Mikiya Suzuki (Hakusuisha, Que sais-je Bunko)

[References] | Greek philosophy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

小アジア西海岸中部のイオニア地方には、古代ギリシアの幾多の植民市があったが、この地方は陸や海を介して東方の先進諸国と接触しており、古いオリエント文明の影響を受けて早くから文化が開けていた。紀元前6世紀ごろこの地方に哲学が誕生し、ギリシア最古の哲学者たちを輩出したが、彼らを総称してイオニア学派とよんでいる。その哲学は、自然(フュシス)を問題とする自然哲学であるが、彼らはこの問題に対してまず一つの根本的な物質(アルケー。もとのもの)を求め、これに基づいて自然の成り立ちを論じたため、それは本質的には一元論である。また、この根本物質が活(い)きており、自ら運動変化して万物を生ずると説いたため、物活論(ヒュロツォイスムス)の立場にもたっている。さらに、この活きている根本物質から宇宙がどのように形成されたかを解明することが、この学派の重要な課題であったため、その哲学の形式は、宇宙の起源や構成を論じる宇宙論であった。イオニア学派に所属するおもだった人々は、タレス、アナクシマンドロス、アナクシメネス、ヘラクレイトス、ヒッポン、アポロニアのディオゲネスらである。このうちミレトス出身のタレス、アナクシマンドロス、アナクシメネスはとくにミレトス学派とよばれ、ヒッポン、ディオゲネスもまたミレトス学派の末裔(まつえい)とされている。

[鈴木幹也]

『ジャン・ブラン著、鈴木幹也訳『ソクラテス以前の哲学』(白水社・文庫クセジュ)』

[参照項目] | ギリシア哲学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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