In Sanskrit, it means a period of life. In ancient Indian law codes, the lives of the three upper classes, the brahmin, the kshatriya, and the vaishya, are divided into four periods of life: the student period, the household period, the forest-dwelling period, and the wandering period. In the brahmacārin period, people receive religious education, such as reciting the Vedas and learning how to perform rituals. They enter this period at the age of 5 to 12 and practice for about 12 years. After completing the student period, they enter the gṛhastha period (head of the household) and are obligated to marry and have a son. In the vānaprastha period (forest-dwelling person), they retire to the forest, entrusting their home to their son. In the final wandering period (sannyāsin), they travel from country to country and live solely on begging. The above four periods of residence are the ideal state in Hindu society, but in reality, they were not always observed. Incidentally, āśrama also means "a retreat for a saint." Today, it often means a training center where practitioners live together under the guidance of a saint, and is called ashram. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
サンスクリット語で住期の意。インド古代の法典では,3上流階級であるバラモン,クシャトリヤ,バイシャの生涯を,学生期,家住期,林住期,遊行期 (遍歴期) の4住期に分ける。学生期 brahmacārin (梵行者) では,ベーダ聖典を読誦し,祭式の施行法を学ぶなどの宗教教育を受ける。5~12歳でこの住期に入り,約 12年間修行する。学生期を終えたものは家住期 gṛhastha (家長) に入り,結婚し男児をもうけることを義務づけられる。林住期 vānaprastha (林住者) においては,息子に家を託して森林に隠遁する。最後の遊行期 sannyāsin (遍歴行者) では,諸国を遍歴し,托鉢のみによって生活をする。以上の4住期はヒンドゥー社会における理想的なあり方であり,現実には必ずしも守られていなかったようである。なお,āśramaには,「聖者の隠棲所」という意味もある。現在では,聖者の指導のもとに修行者が共同生活する道場を意味する場合が多く,アシュラム ashramと呼ばれている。
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>>: Ashura (English spelling) 'āshūrā'
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