...(2) Madrasah: A higher education facility for training ulama. The structure is such that an iwan is set up in the center of each side facing the courtyard, used as a classroom or place of worship, and private rooms for students are arranged on the upper and lower floors between them. (3) Monastery (ribāṭ, tekke, khānqā, zāwiya): It has various names, but all of them are monasteries where Sufis (mystics) practice chanting the name of the Sufis, and originally a fortress built in the border area. Architecturally, it has a similar structure to madrasahs and caravanserais described below. ... From [Sufi]…Early Sufis engaged in religious activities as individuals, but later they began to engage in collective activities. Sufis lived communally in monasteries, which were called ribāṭ, khānqā, or zāwiya. In these monasteries they pursued the goal of union with God, and the religious practices they performed were called zikr or samah. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "zāwiya" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(2)マドラサ ウラマー育成の高等教育施設で,構造としては,中庭に面した各辺の中央に,教場や礼拝場として使われるイーワーンを設け,その間に階上・階下ともに学生が起居する個室が配置される。(3)修道場(リバートribāṭ,テッケtekke,ハーンカーkhānqā,ザーウィヤzāwiya) 呼称はさまざまであるが,いずれもスーフィー(神秘主義者)が称名などの修行を行う修道場のことで,リバートは,元来は国境地帯につくられた砦をさした。建築的には,マドラサや下記のキャラバンサライと同様な構成をとる。… 【スーフィー】より…初期のスーフィーは個人の活動として宗教活動に従事していたが,やがて集団的活動をするようになった。スーフィーたちは修道場で集団生活を行うのであるが,この修道場がリバートribāṭとかハーンカーkhānqāとかザーウィヤzāwiyaと呼ばれているものである。この修道場で神との合一という目標を追求するが,その際に行われる宗教的勤行がジクルとかサマーの名で呼ばれているものである。… ※「zāwiya」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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