Upasakhi - Ubasoku

Japanese: 優婆塞 - うばそく

〘 noun 〙 (a transliteration of upāsaka, meaning one who serves) Buddhist term. ① One of the seven disciples. A man who converted to the Three Treasures and received the Five Precepts. Translated into Chinese, it is also called "Shoshinji " or " Gonjinan." ⇔ Ubai. ※Shoku Nihongi - August 731, Tenpyo 3rd year ( Kuiwei ) "The Imperial Rescript states, 'In this year, _one will follow the path of _{a monk} , such as upasaka or upasi, like a practitioner of _{the Dharma} .'" [Shakushi Yoran - Vol. 1] ② A person who remains at home and devotes himself to Buddhist training. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999) Chrysanthemum Banquet "From the base of the mountain where the Ubasoku go." [Etymology] This term refers to a lay believer who serves practitioners, and is now used to refer to people who lead a monastic life without formally becoming a monk or ordained. The chapter on Hashihime in The Tale of Genji is called "Upasaka," and the Eight Princes of Uji in the story are described as " secular saints " who are contrasted with monks who retreat to the mountains to practice asceticism, and who "travel hurriedly but with a deep mountain spirit."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (upāsaka の音訳。奉侍する人の意) 仏語。① 七衆の一人。三宝(さんぼう)に帰依して五戒を受けた男子。漢訳して「清信士(しょうしんじ)」「近事男(ごんじなん)」ともいう。⇔優婆夷(うばい)。※続日本紀‐天平三年（731）八月癸未「詔曰。比年随_二逐行基法師_一。優婆塞優婆夷等。如_レ法修行者」〔釈氏要覧‐上〕② 在家のままで、仏道修行にはげんでいる人。※宇津保（970‐999頃）菊の宴「うばそくが行ふ山の椎(しひ)がもと」[語誌]修行者に奉仕する在俗の信者をいうところから、正式に出家得度しないで修道の生活を行なう人に及ぼしていう。「源氏物語」の橋姫の巻は「優婆塞」と呼ばれ、作中の宇治八宮が「俗聖(ぞくひじり)」として、「うはそくながら行ふ山の深き心」と、山に籠って修行する僧と対比されている。

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