Banda (English spelling) Banda, Hastings Kamuzu

Japanese: バンダ（英語表記）Banda, Hastings Kamuzu

Born: circa 1898. British Central Africa Protectorate, near Kasungu
[Died] November 25, 1997. Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. Malawian politician. Educated at Indiana University, University of Chicago, Meharry Medical College in the United States, and University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom. He opened a clinic in London from 1945 to 1953, and then in Ghana in 1953. During his time in London, he came into contact with Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta, and became interested in nationalism. After returning to the United States in 1958, he became the leader of the Nyasaland branch of the African Congress. He was imprisoned from March 1959 to April 1960 for his opposition to the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (→ Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland). He was Minister of Natural Resources, Research and Local Government from 1961 to 1963, and Prime Minister of Nyasaland from 1963 to 1964. He became Prime Minister when Malawi gained independence in July 1964. He was elected the first President when the country transitioned to a republic in July 1966. He was proclaimed President for life in June 1971. Known as a realist, he had already established diplomatic relations with the Republic of South Africa in 1967. Later, due to his advanced age, the issue of succession arose, and in the 1990s the democratization movement gained momentum, leading to his defeat in the first presidential election held in May 1994 after the introduction of a multi-party system.

Banda
Benda, Julien

Born: December 26, 1867 in Paris
[Died] June 7, 1956. Paris. French philosopher and critic. Graduated from the Faculty of Letters at the University of Paris. He entered the public eye with his paper (1898) which discussed the Dreyfus Affair from a purely theoretical perspective, and collaborated with Peguy's magazine, "Haigetsu Techo." He gained fame with "Le Bergsonisme" (1912), which criticized Bergson's philosophy as a "philosophy of flux." His major works include "Belphégor" (19), an anti-romantic literary treatise, and "La Trahison des clercs" (27), which criticized intellectuals who were obsessed with political thinking.

Banda
Vanda

A genus of orchid, Vanda, with about 25 species found from Malay to India. It is often cultivated in greenhouses because of its beautiful flowers. It is an epiphytic orchid with aerial roots, with short or long stems that branch out. The leaves grow alternately in two rows, usually flattened, but sometimes tubular. Many flowers grow in racemes from the leaf axils, with sepals and petals of roughly equal length that open out. Commonly cultivated species include the jade orchid V. coerulea , the leopard orchid V. tricolor , and the teres vanda V. , and their flowers are often blue-purple, white, or pink.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1898頃. イギリス中部アフリカ保護領，カスング付近
[没]1997.11.25. 南アフリカ共和国，ヨハネスブルク
マラウイの政治家。アメリカ合衆国のインディアナ大学，シカゴ大学，メハリー医科大学，イギリスのエディンバラ大学などで学び，1945～53年ロンドンで，次いで 1953年ガーナで医院を開業。ロンドン時代にクワメ・エンクルマ，ジョモ・ケニヤッタなどと接触し，民族主義に目ざめた。1958年帰国後アフリカ人会議ニアサランド支部の指導者となる。1959年3月～1960年4月ローデシア＝ニアサランド連邦化の反対闘争のため入獄（→ローデシア＝ニアサランド連邦）。1961～63年天然資源・調査・地方行政大臣，1963～64年ニアサランド首相。1964年7月マラウイとして独立と同時に首相に就任。1966年7月共和国移行に伴い初代大統領に選ばれた。1971年6月終身大統領を宣言。現実主義者として知られ，すでに 1967年に南アフリカ共和国と外交関係を結んでいた。のちに高齢のため後継者問題が浮上，また 1990年代に入って民主化運動も高まり，複数政党制導入後最初の，1994年5月に行なわれた大統領選挙で敗北した。

バンダ
Benda， Julien

[生]1867.12.26. パリ
[没]1956.6.7. パリ
フランスの哲学者，批評家。パリ大学文学部卒業。ドレフュス事件を純理論的に論じた論文 (1898) により論壇に登場し，ペギーの雑誌『半月手帖』に協力，ベルグソン哲学を「流動の哲学」と非難した『ベルグソニスム』 Le Bergsonisme (1912) により名声を得た。主著，反ロマン主義文学論『ベルフェゴール』 Belphégor (19) ，政治的思考にとらわれた知識人を批判した『聖職者の背任』 La Trahison des clercs (27) 。

バンダ
Vanda

ラン科のバンダ属のことで，マレー地方からインドに約 25種ある。花が美しいので温室に多く栽培される。気根をもった着生ランで，茎を短くあるいは長く伸ばし，枝を分つ。葉は2列に互生し，普通扁平でときに筒状となる。花は葉腋から総状花序をなして多数つき，萼片と花弁はほぼ同長，開出する。よく栽培される種類としてはヒスイラン V. coerulea，ヒョウモンラン V. tricolor，テレスバンダ V. teresなどがあり，花は青紫色，白色，ピンクなどのものが多い。

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