The ruins of the ancient city of Mysia in western Turkey. It corresponds to present-day Bergama. It is located about 80 km north of Izmir. It has existed since at least the 5th century BC, and flourished as the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC (→ Attalid dynasty). It is a typical Hellenistic city based on urban planning, and had a large library second only to the Library of Alexandria in Egypt (→ Library). Excavations were carried out by Germans Karl Fuhrmann and A. Konce from 1878, and continued until 1938, with some interruptions. On the hill (→ Acropolis), the Pergamon Altar, the temple of Athena, the temple of Trajan, and a theater remain, and the fragments of the reliefs of "The Battle of the Gods and the Giants" that form the frieze of the Pergamon Altar are particularly famous (→ Pergamon School). Today, the altar is restored and exhibited at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. During the Roman period, the city spread over the plain, and there were gymnasiums, sanctuaries of Hera and Demeter. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2014 as it has well-preserved Hellenistic cultural landscape. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
トルコ西部,ミュシアの古代都市遺跡。今日のベルガマ Bergamaにあたる。イズミルの北約 80kmに位置する。少なくとも前5世紀から存在し,前3~前2世紀ペルガモン王国の首都として繁栄(→アッタロス朝)。都市計画に基づいた代表的なヘレニズム都市で,エジプトのアレクサンドリア図書館に次ぐ規模の大図書館が置かれた(→図書館)。発掘は 1878年以来ドイツのカール・フーマン,A.コンツェらによって行なわれ,中断しつつ 1938年まで続けられた。丘の上(→アクロポリス)にゼウスの祭壇であるペルガモン祭壇,アテナ神殿,トラヤヌス神殿,劇場などの遺跡が残され,特にペルガモン祭壇のフリーズを形成する『神々と巨人の戦い』の浮彫破片は著名(→ペルガモン派)。今日,祭壇はドイツのベルリンにあるペルガモン美術館に復元展示されている。ローマ時代に都市は平野部に広がり,ギムナシオン,ヘラおよびデメーテルの聖域があった。ヘレニズム文化の景観をよく残しているとして,2014年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。
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