Lardner, D.

Japanese: Lardner,D.(英語表記)LardnerD
Lardner, D.

...In addition, with regard to public transportation services, in general, in addition to safety, speed, and regularity, low fares are especially required.
[Fare determination method]
Dionysius Lardner (1793-1859) pointed out in Railway Economy (1850) that in modern production, such as railroads, there are huge fixed costs in addition to direct costs, and the existence of these huge fixed costs led to the development of a differential fare theory for railroads, known as the value of service theory or what-the-traffic-will-bear principle. In other words, this method regards the direct additional costs required for each transport object as the minimum guideline for each fare, and in reality, the fare is determined according to the expected ability of the transport object to bear the fare.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Lardner, D." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…なお,公共運送サービスに関しては一般に,サービスの安全性,迅速性,規則性に加えて特に運賃の低廉性が要求される。
[運賃の決定方法]
 ラードナーDionysius Lardner(1793‐1859)は《鉄道経済学Railway Economy》(1850)において,鉄道に代表される近代的生産では直接費のほかに巨額の固定費が存在することを指摘したが,この巨額の固定費の存在は,鉄道に対して運送価値説value of service theoryあるいは負担力原理what‐the‐traffic‐will‐bear principleと称される差別運賃論を展開させることになった。すなわち各輸送対象について求められる直接的な追加費用を各運賃の最下限の目安とし,実際は問題の輸送対象に期待される運賃負担力に応じて運賃を決定するという方法である。…

※「Lardner,D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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