Communication by undersea cable. The first cable was laid in the Straits of Dover in 1847, and a transatlantic cable in 1858. After that, cables were mainly laid by the UK and Denmark. In Japan, the first cable was laid between Nagasaki and Shanghai in 1871. At that time, it was used for telegraphy (Morse communication using modern wave code), but from the end of the Taisho period, improvements in cables allowed it to be used for telephone over short distances. Around 1950, the completion of undersea coaxial cables with built-in repeater amplifiers made it possible to carry multiplexed communications across the ocean, and the Atlantic coaxial cable was completed in 1956, and the Pacific coaxial cable in 1964. The latter connects the US mainland, Hawaii, and Ninomiya Landing Station in Kanagawa Prefecture, and has a capacity equivalent to 2,560 telegraph lines, and employs an automatic switching system, making it highly efficient for telephone, data, and photo transmission. When satellite communications came into practical use in 1965, the laying of undersea cables decreased, but with the practical use of optical fiber cables with high communication capacity, international communication traffic is now split equally between undersea and satellite communications. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
海底ケーブルによる通信。1847年初めてドーバー海峡に,1858年には大西洋横断ケーブルが布設され,以後主として英国,デンマークにより布設が進められた。日本では1871年長崎〜上海間に布設されたのが最初。当時は電信(現波符号によるモールス通信)であったが,大正末期からはケーブルの改良で短距離においては電話にも利用された。1950年ころから中継増幅器を内蔵する海底同軸ケーブルの完成により大洋横断の多重通信が可能となり,1956年大西洋,1964年には太平洋横断同軸ケーブルが完成。後者は米本国〜ハワイ〜神奈川県二宮陸揚局を結ぶもので,電信にして2560回線分に相当する容量をもち自動交換方式などを採用,電話,データ・写真伝送などに高能率に利用されている。1965年衛星通信が実用化されると海底ケーブルの布設は減少したが,通信容量の大きい光ファイバーケーブルの実用化で,現在では海底通信と衛星通信の両者で国際通信の通信量を2分する状況が続いている。
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