During the Qing Dynasty in China, among the young dynasties (aged 16-60), those who exceeded the fixed amount were exempted from paying chogin. In order to collect chogin, the young dynasties were registered (compiled and reviewed) (once every five years), but due to the abuse of the exemption privilege by bureaucrats and local gentry, the falsification of the number of chogin by wealthy households with many chogin, and the non-payment of chogin by poor farmers, the registration became chaotic and it was difficult to collect chogin fairly. Therefore, in 1712, the Qing Dynasty fixed the previous year's number of 24.62 million as the fixed amount, and named the newly increased young dynasties Shengshi Shisheng ... [Kitamura Yoshinao] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、清(しん)代の壮丁(16~60歳)のうち、定額を超えるため丁銀を免除した人丁。丁銀徴収のため、壮丁の登録(編審)を行ったが(5年に1回)、官僚、郷紳の丁銀免除特権の乱用、富裕多丁戸の丁数ごまかし、貧困農民の丁銀未納などにより、登録は混乱し、丁銀の公正な徴収は困難であった。そこで1712年、清朝は、前年の丁数2462万を定額として固定し、新増加分の壮丁は盛世滋生人丁と名づけて、翌13年から丁銀を免除することとした。定額内の人丁が死亡した場合は、その戸内あるいは親属、同地域から補充した。丁額、丁銀額を固定化したことが、1716年から始まる租税の大改革(地丁併徴)の実現を可能にした。 [北村敬直] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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