…From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, the global earthquake observation network developed rapidly, and a lot of reliable data on earthquake occurrence was accumulated. Theoretical seismology made great progress. Furthermore, the concept of plate tectonics was introduced to solid geophysics. It can be said that the cause of earthquake occurrence was rapidly approached to elucidation. In other words, recent theoretical studies on the mechanism of earthquake occurrence, such as the study of the global distribution of epicenters, the study of mechanisms based on the distribution of initial P-waves, detailed analysis of the waveforms of seismic waves generated by earthquakes and observational data of crustal movements, and the application of elastic dislocation theory (also called dislocation model or dislocation elasticity theory) to the field of seismology, have made a significant contribution to the investigation of the cause of earthquake occurrence. As a result of these studies, it has been proven that the direct cause of shallow earthquakes is the occurrence of fractures in the rocks of the crust and upper mantle, and in many cases, the sudden slip of existing faults, and there is now almost no room for doubt. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "staggered elasticity theory" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1960年代後半から70年代前半にかけて,世界的な地震観測網が飛躍的に発展し,地震発生に関する多くの確実なデータが蓄積されるとともに理論地震学が著しく進歩し,さらに固体地球物理学にプレートテクトニクスの概念が導入されるに及んで,地震発生の原因については一気に解明に近づいたといえよう。 すなわち,世界的な震源分布の研究やP波初動分布などによるメカニズムの研究,地震に伴って生ずる地震波の波形や地殻変動の観測データの詳しい解析,弾性転位論(ディスロケーション・モデルあるいは食違い弾性論とも呼ばれる)の地震学分野への応用などの最近の地震発生機構に関する理論的研究が,地震発生原因の究明に著しい貢献をもたらしたということができる。そしてこれらの研究の結果,浅発地震の直接の原因が,地殻や上部マントルの岩石内に起こる破壊面の発生,それも多くの場合は既存の断層の急激なすべりによることが証明され,今ではほとんど疑う余地がなくなるに至った。… ※「食違い弾性論」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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