Nihilism - Kyomushugi

Japanese: 虚無主義 - きょむしゅぎ

〘noun〙① An ideology that denies and seeks to destroy all existing systems, institutions, and powers in an autocratic capitalist society. A political and social ideology advocated by the Nihilism Party led by Bakunin in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Nihilism. *Osaka Asahi Shimbun - June 27, 1905 (Meiji 38) "Perhaps she felt something (omitted), and so she adopted nihilism and came into contact with members of the Socialist Party and others."② A philosophical worldview that considers existing religion, morality, ethics, social customs, and even the world itself and human existence to be worthless. A way of thinking represented by Nietzsche and Heidegger. Nihilism. *A man named Takezawa Sensei (1924-25) <Nagayo Yoshiro> Takezawa Sensei's Walk "I have never encountered skepticism or nihilism that was deep enough and well-founded to truly overturn his idealism." [Glossary] Various terms were used to translate "nihilism," such as "theory of nothingness" from "Rokugo Zasshi - Volume 2, Issue 15: Russian Defense against the Nihilism Theory" ( 1881 ) and "theory of nothingness" from "Philosophy Vocabulary" ( 1881 ), but by around 1907 ( Meiji 40 ), "nihilism" had become the established term.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 専制的資本主義社会に既存する制度・機構・権力などをすべて否定し、打破しようとする思想。一九世紀後半、ロシアのバクーニン率いる虚無党が唱えた、政治上・社会上の思想。ニヒリズム。※大阪朝日新聞‐明治三八年（1905）六月二七日「同嬢は〈略〉感ずる所やありけん、虚無主義を執って社会党員等と交通するに至り」② 既成の宗教・道徳・倫理・社会的慣習、さらには世界そのものや人間存在までをも無価値とする、哲学上の世界観。ニーチェやハイデガーに代表される考え方。ニヒリズム。※竹沢先生と云ふ人（1924‐25）〈長与善郎〉竹沢先生の散歩「その理想主義を本当に覆へす丈けの深い、確実な根拠をもった懐疑にも、虚無主義にも逢った事はありません」[語誌]「ニヒリズム」の訳語としては、「六合雑誌‐二巻一五号・露国虚無説防禦策」（一八八一）の「虚無説」や「哲学字彙」（一八八一）の「虚無論」なども用いられたが、明治四〇年（一九〇七）頃には「虚無主義」に定着した。

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