Battles fought on the sea, under the sea, and in the air above the sea. However, battles that involve only air combat and no naval vessels on either side are usually called aerial battles, not naval battles. In ancient times, the fate of maritime nations was often decided by the outcome of naval battles. The Battle of Salamis in 480 BC saved Greece from Persia, and the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 saved Britain from the conquest of Napoleon I. The victory in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905 thwarted Russia's strategy for the Far East and established Japan's position as a maritime nation in Asia. The naval battles from the Battle of Midway to Okinawa were decisive factors in Japan's defeat. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
海上,海中および海の上空で戦われる戦闘。ただし海の上空でも航空戦だけで,いずれの側にも艦艇が参加していない戦闘は,海戦とはいわず,航空戦というのが普通である。古来海洋国の運命は海戦の勝敗によって決せられた事例が多く,前 480年のサラミスの海戦は,ペルシアからギリシアを救い,1805年のトラファルガルの戦いは,ナポレオン1世の征服からイギリスを救った。 1905年の日本海海戦の勝利は,ロシアの極東経略を阻止し,海洋国日本のアジアにおける地位を確立した。ミッドウェー海戦から沖縄にいたる諸海戦は,日本敗北の決定的要因となった。
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