Ājīvika religion - Ājīvika religion (English spelling)

Japanese: アージービカ教 - アージービカきょう(英語表記)Ājīvika; Ājīvaka
Ājīvika religion - Ājīvika religion (English spelling)
The religion to which Gosala, one of the six Indian heretics, belonged. In the Chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures, it is translated as 'Heretics', but originally it meant 'one who strictly follows the rules regarding the way of life'. Gosala considered 12 elements that make up living things: soul, earth, water, fire, wind, space, gain, loss, suffering, pleasure, birth, and death. The soul is considered to be like matter, and exists not only in the elements but also in animals and plants. All living things are transmigrated without cause and without relation, and their purification and liberation are also without cause and without relation. They have no free will, and are controlled by fate, circumstances, and nature, and fools and wise people alike are transmigrated for an infinitely long time until the end of suffering. During that time, it is impossible to attain liberation through ascetic practices. He preached the above determinism and denied the authority of Brahmanism. Ajivikas were quite influential until the Maurya Dynasty, but were later absorbed into Jainism. However, an inscription from 1294 suggests that Ajivikaism continued to exist in the Tamil region of southern India.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
インドの六師外道の一人ゴーサーラの属していた宗教。漢訳仏典では邪命外道と訳しているが,元来は,「生活法に関する規定を厳密に遵奉する者」の意味。ゴーサーラは,生き物を構成している要素として,霊魂,地,水,火,風,虚空,得,失,苦,楽,生,死の 12種を考えた。霊魂は物質のように考えられ,諸元素のみならず動物,植物などにも存在するとする。一切の生き物が輪廻に流されているのは無因無縁であり,それらが清浄となり解脱するのも無因無縁である。それらには自由意志というものがなく,運命,状況,本性に支配されて,無限に長い時間に愚者も賢者も流転し苦の終りにいたる。その間,修行によって解脱することは不可能である。彼は以上のような決定論を説き,バラモン教の権威を否定した。アージービカ教はマウリヤ朝頃まではかなり有力であったが,その後ジャイナ教に吸収された。しかし,南インドのタミル地方ではアージービカ教が存続していたことが 1294年の碑文から推定される。

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