Silkworm tachina fly - Silkworm tachina fly

Japanese: カイコノウジバエ - かいこのうじばえ(英語表記)silkworm tachina fly
Silkworm tachina fly - Silkworm tachina fly

An insect belonging to the family Tachinidae, suborder Brachyceratopsid, group of flies, order Diptera, class Insecta. Adults are large flies with a body length of 13-16 mm and a wing length of 12-14 mm. The central band of the head is black-brown, the sides are yellow, and the thorax is broad and black, covered with black bristles. The abdomen is somewhat flattened. The larvae are called maggots and are well known as pests of silkworm cultivation, but when they parasitize other caterpillars, this species is considered to be beneficial. After the silkworm fly lays eggs on a mulberry leaf, if a caterpillar that is a pest of mulberry swallows the silkworm fly's eggs along with the mulberry leaf before the silkworm farmer picks the mulberry leaf, the silkworm fly will parasitize and kill the caterpillar, so it is considered to be beneficial to the silkworm farmer.

Adult females lay eggs on the undersides of mulberry and other tree leaves. During sericulture, when silkworms eat mulberry leaves with eggs on them, the eggs enter the digestive tract along with the food leaves, and hatch due to the stimulation of digestive juices. The first-instar larvae penetrate the digestive wall, emerge into the body cavity of the silkworm, enter the nerve cord, and then reach the nerve ball or directly invade the nerve ball and parasitize it. The older the silkworm is when it becomes parasitized, the higher the rate of parasitizing the nerve ball. When the host silkworm matures and begins to make a cocoon, the parasitic larvae leave the nerve ball and move to the host's spiracles, attach their own posterior spiracles to the host's trachea to allow breathing, and parasitize with their heads facing inward. The spiracles of a parasitized host are broad and blackish, making it easy to tell that they are parasitized from the outside. The parasitic larvae make small holes in the cocoons to escape and enter the soil to pupate. The amount of the cocoon shell of the affected cocoons is greatly reduced, and because of the holes, they cannot be used for silk production.

[Shushiro Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫綱双翅(そうし)目短角亜目ハエ群ヤドリバエ科に属する昆虫。成虫は、体長13~16ミリメートル、翅長12~14ミリメートルの大形のハエ。頭部の中央額帯は黒褐色、側縁部は黄色、胸部は幅広く黒色で、黒色剛毛に覆われる。腹部はやや扁平(へんぺい)をなす。幼虫は蠁蛆(きょうそ)とよばれ養蚕の害虫として著名であるが、ほかの毛虫にも寄生する場合は、本種はむしろ益虫とみなされる。クワの葉にカイコノウジバエが卵を産み付けた後、養蚕家がそのクワの葉を摘む前に、クワの害虫となる毛虫がクワの葉とともにカイコノウジバエの卵を飲み込んだ場合、カイコノウジバエはその毛虫に寄生して殺すので、養蚕家にとっては益虫とみなされる。

 雌成虫はクワ、そのほか各種の樹木の葉裏に産卵する。養蚕の際、この卵のついたクワの葉をカイコが食べると、食葉とともに卵が消化管に入り、消化液の刺激で孵化(ふか)し、初齢幼虫は消化壁を貫通してカイコの体腔(たいこう)へ出て神経索に入り、ついで神経球に達するか、あるいは直接に神経球に潜入してここで寄生する。寄生したときのカイコの日齢が大きいほど、神経球に寄生する率が高い。宿主のカイコが老熟して繭づくりに入ると、寄生の幼虫は神経球から離れて宿主の気門叢(そう)に移り、自己の後部気門を宿主の気管に接着して呼吸できるようにし、頭部は宿主の内方に向けて寄生する。寄生された宿主は、気門の周囲が広く黒っぽいので、寄生していることが外見で容易にわかる。寄生幼虫は繭に小孔(しょうこう)をあけて脱出し、土中に入って蛹化(ようか)する。被害繭は、繭層量が激減するほか、孔(あな)あきのために製糸原料とはならない。

[伊藤修四郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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