Caecilian - Ashinashimori (English spelling)

Japanese: アシナシイモリ - あしなしいもり(英語表記)caecilian
Caecilian - Ashinashimori (English spelling)

A general term for animals in the order Apoda (Apodidae) of the class Amphibians. They belong to a different order from newts, and have a long, tubular body that lacks limbs and limb girdles. They are also called naked snakes. Many species have numerous circular grooves all over their bodies, and at first glance resemble earthworms. Their eyes are small and buried under the skin. They have a pair of tentacles near the eyes that function as olfactory organs, and a mouth with a row of teeth located under the front end of their bodies. Since the cloaca is located near the rear end of the body, they have almost no tail. Some species have vestigial scales under the skin. Their body length ranges from 7 centimeters to 1.5 meters. They are found in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America, but are not found in Japan. There are about 170 known species in 4 families. They live in moist soil in forests, but some are aquatic.

Exceptionally among amphibians, males have copulatory organs, and internal fertilization occurs. A major feature of this species is that in addition to oviparous species, there are also many viviparous species. Oviparous species lay a small number of large eggs underground, and in some cases the parents protect the eggs. The hatched larvae enter the nearby water and spend a swimming larval stage for several weeks to one or two years, but some species metamorphose on land without passing through the swimming larval stage. In viviparous species, the larval stage passes inside the mother's body, and pouch-like gills are used for nutrient intake and gas exchange. These gills are absorbed before birth.

[Mitsuru Kuramoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

両生綱無足目に属する動物(無足類)の総称。イモリとは別の目に属し、体は細長い筒状で、四肢と肢帯を欠く。ハダカヘビともいう。多くの種では全身に多数の環状の溝があり、一見ミミズに似ている。目は小さく、皮膚の下に埋没している。目の近くに嗅覚(きゅうかく)器として機能する1対の触毛があり、体の前端下方に歯列を備えた口がある。総排出孔は体の後端近くにあるので、尾はほとんどない。皮膚の下に痕跡(こんせき)的な鱗(うろこ)をもつ種もある。体長は7センチメートルから1.5メートルに達するものまである。アジア、アフリカ、中央アメリカ、南アメリカの熱帯域に分布し、日本にはいない。4科約170種が知られている。森林内の湿った地中で生活するが、一部は水中性である。

 両生類としては例外的に雄に交尾器があり、体内受精をする。卵生種のほか、多数の胎生種を含むのも大きな特徴である。卵生種は地中に少数の大形卵を産み、親が卵を保護する例もある。孵化(ふか)した幼生は付近の水中に入って数週間から1~2年の遊泳幼生期を過ごすが、なかには遊泳幼生期を経ずに地上で変態する種もある。胎生種では幼生期は母体内で経過し、袋状のえらが栄養分の摂取やガス交換の役をする。このえらは出産前に吸収される。

[倉本 満]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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