Foreign exchange market - gaikoku kawase shi jo (English spelling)

Japanese: 外国為替市場 - がいこくかわせしじょう(英語表記)foreign exchange market
Foreign exchange market - gaikoku kawase shi jo (English spelling)
A market where different currencies (for example, yen and dollar) are bought and sold. The participants in the foreign exchange market are (1) banks that handle foreign exchange, (2) governments or central banks, and (3) customers of foreign exchange banks. The foreign exchange market in the narrow sense consisting of (1) and (2) is called the interbank (foreign exchange) market. The interbank market is further divided into the broker market, which is conducted via a broker (intermediary), and the direct market, where transactions are conducted directly between banks. The three largest foreign exchange markets in the world are London, New York, and Tokyo, and all of them are open markets where exchange rates are set via telephone lines and other communication lines and computers, and transactions are carried out by transmitting them to the world through the monitoring systems of brokers and news agencies. In recent years, some banks have begun to offer services for foreign exchange transactions with customers over the Internet, in addition to over the counter and by telephone. In addition, electronic brokering, which does not involve human intervention, has become mainstream among brokers. In Japan, it had long been prohibited for any entity other than authorized foreign exchange banks to conduct foreign exchange business. However, the new Foreign Exchange Law that came into effect in April 1998 lifted this ban, allowing customers of (3) to directly participate in both the narrow and broad foreign exchange markets.

(Naoyoshi Kinukawa, Director of Economic Research, Institute for International Monetary Affairs / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
異なった通貨(例えば円とドル)の売買を行う市場。(1)外国為替を取り扱う銀行、(2)政府あるいは中央銀行、(3)外国為替銀行の顧客が外国為替市場の参加者である。(1)、(2)が構成する狭義の外国為替市場をインターバンク(為替)市場と呼ぶ。インターバンク市場は、さらにブローカー(仲介者)を経由して行われるブローカー市場と、銀行間で直接取引を行う直接市場(ダイレクトマーケット)に分かれる。世界の3大外国為替市場としては、ロンドン、ニューヨーク、東京が挙げられるが、いずれも電話線その他の通信回線、コンピューターを通じて為替相場が建つオープンマーケットで、ブローカーや通信社のモニターシステムによって世界中に伝えられて取引が行われている。近年、一部の銀行で、店頭や電話以外にも、インターネットを通して顧客と外国為替取引を行うサービスを提供している。また、ブローカーも人手を介さない電子ブローキングが主流となっている。なお、日本では外国為替公認銀行以外が外国為替業務を営むことは長らく禁じられてきたが、1998年4月に施行された新外為法によりこれが解禁され、(3)の顧客が狭義・広義の外国為替市場に直接参加することが可能となった。

(絹川直良 国際通貨研究所経済調査部長 / 2007年)

出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報

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