Mayow, J.

Japanese: Mayow,J.(英語表記)MayowJ
Mayow, J.

...In the 17th century, G. Galilei confirmed that air is a substance with weight, O. von Guericke conducted experiments on atmospheric pressure (the Magdeburg Hemispheres), and it was recognized that the existence of air is essential for the maintenance of life. The nature of air began to become somewhat clearer. John Mayow (1640-79) then discovered that air is not a single substance, but is composed of chemically active parts (fire air) and inactive parts. In the 18th century, J. Priestley, K. W. Scheele, and others conducted experiments on this fact, and finally, AL Lavoisier (1774) completely proved that "air is a mixture of 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen, and combustion and respiration occur through the combination of oxygen," which marked the beginning of the development of modern chemistry from the 19th century onwards.

From [Breathing]

…The 16th-century alchemical chemist and physician Paracelsus believed that combustion was caused by "sulfur spirits" and "saltpeter," and that breathing and combustion were the same phenomenon. This interpretation influenced R. Boyle and John Mayow (1640-79), who conducted experiments on breathing in the 17th century. In the 18th century, after the phlogiston theory was misconstrued, Lavoisier established the role of oxygen in combustion. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Mayow, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…17世紀にG.ガリレイが空気が重量をもつ物質であることを確かめ,O.vonゲーリケが大気圧についての実験(〈マグデブルクの半球〉)を行い,さらに空気の存在が生命の保持に必須であることが認識されるようになったころから,空気の本性はやや明らかになってきた。ついでメーヨーJohn Mayow(1640‐79)は,空気は単一の物質ではなく,化学的に活性な部分(火の空気)とそうでない部分から成ることを見いだした。18世紀に入ってJ.プリーストリー,K.W.シェーレらはこの事実に関する実験を重ね,ついにA.L.ラボアジエ(1774)に至って〈空気は酸素20%,窒素80%の混合物であり,燃焼と呼吸は酸素の化合によって起こる〉という事実が完全に立証され,これが19世紀以降の近代化学の発展のいとぐちとなった。…

【呼吸】より

…16世紀の錬金術的化学者・医者パラケルススは,〈硫黄精〉と〈硝石精〉によって燃焼は起こり,かつ呼吸と燃焼は同じ現象であると考えていた。この解釈は,17世紀に呼吸について実験したR.ボイル,メーヨーJohn Mayow(1640‐79)などに影響を与えた。18世紀にはフロギストン(燃素)説の誤りを経て,ラボアジエが燃焼での酸素の役割を確定する。…

※「Mayow,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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