… In South Indian theory, the seven-tone scale is called sapta svara, but in reality there are also six-tone and five-tone scales, and there is no term that encompasses them. It is also explained that all rāgas are based on 72 heptad sequences called melakartas. These melakartas are abstract tones that have been removed from actual melodies, such as decorative elements and elements that correspond to melodic forms, and are arranged in order of pitch. … From [Raga]In South India, the octave is divided into two tetrachords, the lower and upper halves, and six different pitches are defined for each. The lower and upper halves are then combined separately to create 36 different tone sequences. A separate tone sequence is set in which the fourth note of each is raised by a semitone, resulting in a total of 72 basic tone sequences (melakartas). Each raga is assigned to one of these 72 tone sequences. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "melakarta" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 南インドの理論では,7音音階をサプタ・スバラsapta svaraというが,実際には6音や5音の音階もあり,それらを包括する語はない。またすべてのラーガrāgaは,72種のメーラカルタmelakartaとよばれる7音音列に基づくと説明されている。このメーラカルタは,実際の旋律の中から,装飾的な要素や,旋律型にあたる要素を取り除いた,純粋に音列としての抽象的な音を,音高順に並べたものである。… 【ラーガ】より…南インドでは,オクターブの下半部と上半部との二つのテトラコルドに分け,両方に違った音程のもの6種類を定め,下半部と上半部とをそれぞれ別に組み合わせて,36種類の音列をつくる。それらの第4音を半音上げた音列を別に設定し,合わせて72種の基本音列(メーラカルタmelakarta)が得られる。各ラーガは,これら72のいずれかの音列に帰属される。… ※「melakarta」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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