Todaiji Temple Documents

Japanese: 東大寺文書 - とうだいじもんじょ

A general term for documents from the Nara period to the Edo period that were handed down to Todaiji Temple in Nara City. Most of the documents that were handed down to the sub-temples and sub-temples, such as the two Todaiji temples Tonan-in and Sonsho-in, Ryusho-in, which are descended from the Daikanjinsho, and Yakushi-in, which are descended from the Shigyo, are currently held in the Todaiji Library. However, many documents formerly held by Todaiji Temple were leaked out of the temple during the Haibutsu Kishaku movement in the early Meiji period and are now in the possession of individuals, museums, libraries, universities, etc., including the Tonan-in documents, which were donated to the Imperial Family in 1872 and included in the Shoso-in documents. The Shoso-in documents themselves can also be said to be included in the broader definition of Todaiji documents. Of the documents left at the temple after the Meiji period, 1,026 documents considered important were selected around 1896 and compiled into 100 scrolls. These are called "Seikan Monjo" (Completed volumes) or "Hyakkan Monjo" (100 volumes). The rest are traditionally called "Miseikan Monjo" (Uncompleted volumes), and are currently classified into 10 shelves based on the classification and organization by the National History Research Department of the Faculty of Letters of Kyoto Imperial University during the Taisho era (1912-1926). In addition, the documents classified with the sutras and sacred texts at the Todaiji Library, the "Treasure House documents" stored in the Azekura Treasure House in the south garden of the main temple of Todaiji, and the "Yakushiin documents" handed down to the Yakushiin family are also included in the "Miseikan Monjo". These documents were classified and stored in a total of six Chinese chests from the Heian period to the Kamakura period, and were kept in the Inzo (seal storehouse) by the Goshi and Sanko, and it is known that they were managed by the Goshi who were in charge of the yearly care of the documents from the end of the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period. When disbursements were made, the list of documents and the date of disbursement were recorded, and when the annual transfer of the depository was made, a list of documents called the Kantocho was created and handed down. The contents mainly relate to the management of temple estates such as Kuroda-no-sho in Iga Province and Oino-sho in Mino Province, and Suo provincial garyo from ancient times to the end of the Middle Ages, and also include documents related to Hyogo Barrier and Kanzeon-ji Temple in Dazaifu. In addition to the original texts, there are also drafts and oaths inscribed on various Goo-hoin seals, and these are important documents that show not only the organization and management of Todai-ji Temple and its religious activities, but also the state of politics, economy, and society from ancient times to the Middle Ages. The completed and uncompleted scrolls have been designated as Important Cultural Properties of Japan.
→Related article Todaiji Temple Library

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

奈良市東大寺に伝来した，奈良時代から江戸時代にいたる文書群の総称。東大寺の２院家東南院(とうなんいん)・尊勝院(そんしょういん)，大勧進職の系譜を引く竜松院(りゅうしょういん)，執行(しぎょう)の系譜を引く薬師院(やくしいん)などの子院・塔頭(たっちゅう)に伝来した文書の大部分は現在東大寺図書館に所蔵される。だが1872年に皇室に献納されて《正倉院文書》に含まれることになった〈東南院文書〉をはじめ，明治初年の廃仏毀釈の際などに寺外に流出し，個人や資料館・図書館・大学などの所蔵となっている東大寺旧蔵文書も多い。また《正倉院文書》自体も広義の東大寺文書に含まれるといえる。明治以降寺に残された文書のうち，重要とされた文書1026通は1896年頃選び出されて100巻の巻子本に仕立てられた。これは〈成巻文書(せいかんもんじょ)〉，または〈百巻文書(ひゃっかんもんじょ)〉と称される。〈成巻文書〉以外は〈未成巻文書(みせいかんもんじょ)〉と呼びならわされ，大正年間（1912年−1926年）に京都帝国大学文学部国史研究室によって整理・分類されたのを基礎に，現在は10架に分類されている。このほか，東大寺図書館で経典聖教類とともに分類されている文書群，東大寺本坊南庭の校倉宝蔵に納められていた〈宝庫文書〉，薬師院家に伝来した〈薬師院文書〉も〈未成巻文書〉に含まれる。これらの文書は平安時代から鎌倉時代には計６合の唐櫃に分類して納められ，印蔵(いんぞう)に置かれて五師・三綱により保管され，鎌倉時代末から室町時代には年預五師によって管理されていたことが判明している。出納の際には出納文書の目録や出納年月日が記録され，毎年の年預交替の際には文書の目録である勘渡帳(かんとちょう)が作成され，引き継がれた。内容は主に古代から中世末にかけての，伊賀国黒田荘(くろだのしょう)・美濃国大井荘(おおいのしょう)をはじめとする寺領荘園や周防国衙領の支配経営に関わるものが多く，兵庫関(ひょうごのせき)や太宰府観世音寺(だざいふかんぜおんじ)関係の文書も含まれる。正文以外に下書である草案の類も残り，また種々の牛王宝印に記された起請文類もみられ，東大寺の寺院組織・経営，宗教活動などにとどまらず，古代から中世に至る政治・経済・社会の様相を示す重要な資料である。〈成巻文書〉〈未成巻文書〉は国の重要文化財に指定されている。
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