In a broad sense, it refers to the Protestant churches as opposed to the Catholic Church, but generally it is a general term for the churches of the Reformation that continue the theological tradition of Zwingli in Switzerland, and especially Calvin. It is sometimes called the Calvinist church, but one of the characteristics of this tradition is that no individual name is mentioned. The church reform in German-speaking Switzerland, centered around Zurich, and French-speaking Switzerland, such as Geneva, formed a ecclesiastical character that is significantly different from Germany and Northern Europe through unified efforts from the 1540s, and spread widely to other countries. The origin of the name itself is unclear, but the usage of "reformed churches" (reformatae nostrae ecclesiae) can be seen already in the 16th century, and it was used especially in contrast to Lutheranism, and to express the awareness of a more thorough church reform. Ideologically, they are Calvinist, but in terms of external organization, they have in common a church government based on a hierarchical conference system, i.e., Presbyterianism, and the current global organization of churches of this lineage is called the World Alliance of Presbyterian and Reformed Churches. In the Swiss cantons, the legal church is still either Catholic or Reformed. Other churches that have developed in their own distinctive ways include the Huguenot Church based on the French Creed (1559), the Dutch Reformed Churches based on the Belgian Creed (1561), the Church of Scotland originating from John Knox, the Presbyterian Church in England, which played a part in the Puritan movement, and the North American continent. Protestant churches in Japan have been significantly influenced by American Reformed churches, and include the United Church of Christ in Japan, the Japanese Christian Church, and the Reformed Church in Japan. [Akira Demura] [References] | | | | | | | | | |Scott Hall was completed in 1921 (Taisho 10). It is a valuable brick building from the Taisho era, and was designated a metropolitan historic building in 1991 (Heisei 3). Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo ©Yutaka Sakano "> United Church of Christ in Japan Waseda Church Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義にはカトリック教会に対して、プロテスタント教会をさすが、一般的には宗教改革の諸教会のうちで、スイスのツウィングリ、ことにカルバンの神学的伝統を継ぐ教会の流れの総称。一般に、カルバン派教会とよぶこともあるが、どのような個人の名も挙示しないのが、この伝統の特色の一つである。チューリヒを中心とするドイツ語圏スイスと、ジュネーブなどフランス語圏スイスの教会改革は、1540年代以降、一致の努力によってドイツや北欧とは顕著に異なる教会的特質を形成し、広く各国に伸張をみた。名称そのものの起源は明らかでないが、すでに16世紀にも「改革された諸教会」reformatae nostrae ecclesiaeの用法がみられ、とくにルター派との対比、それよりもいっそう徹底した教会改革という自覚の表現として用いられた。思想的にはカルビニズムにたつが、外形的組織の面で共通なのは、段階的会議制による教会政治、すなわち長老制であり、現在この流れの教会の世界的機構は「改革派世界同盟」The World Alliance of Presbyterian and Reformed Churchesと称する。スイス諸州では現在もカトリックか改革派のいずれかが法定教会である。ほかに「フランス信条」(1559)にたつユグノー教会、「ベルギー信条」(1561)にたつオランダ改革派諸教会、J・ノックスに発するスコットランド教会、清教徒運動の一端を担ったイギリスの、そして北アメリカ大陸の長老主義教会など、各地で特色のある発展を遂げた。日本のプロテスタント教会はアメリカ改革派諸教会の影響が著しく、日本基督(キリスト)教団、日本キリスト教会、日本キリスト改革派教会などがある。 [出村 彰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | |1921年(大正10)竣工のスコットホール。大正時代のれんが造建築物として貴重で、1991年(平成3)都選定歴史的建造物に指定された。東京都新宿区©Yutaka Sakano"> 日本基督教団早稲田教会 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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