Linear surface - Linear surface

Japanese: 線織面 - せんしきめん
Linear surface - Linear surface

A surface described by the motion of a line with one parameter is called a ruled surface, and the line at each moment is called a generator. A ruled surface can be thought of as a line attached to each point on a space curve X=X(s) (vector representation, s is the parameter). If the unit vector on the generator that passes through X(s) is ξ(s), then the equation of the ruled surface is X=X(s)+tξ(s) (t and s are the parameters). A cone and a cylinder are examples of ruled surfaces, but in the former, all the generators meet at one point, and in the latter, all the generators are parallel. A surface formed by all the tangents drawn at each point on a space curve is called a tangent surface, which is also an example of a ruled surface. Among quadratic surfaces, one-sheet hyperboloids and hyperbolic paraboloids are ruled surfaces. It is interesting that such smooth surfaces are made up of straight lines.

[Tachibana Shunichi]

[Reference] | Quadric Surface
Example of a ruled surface
©Shogakukan ">

Example of a ruled surface


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

直線の一径数(パラメータが一つ)の運動によって描かれる曲面を線織面といい、各瞬間における直線を母線という。線織面は一つの空間曲線X=X(s)(ベクトル表示、sは径数)上の各点に1本ずつ直線が付随していると考えられる。したがってX(s)を通る母線上の単位ベクトルをξ(s)とすれば、線織面の方程式はX=X(s)+tξ(s)(t、sは径数)となる。錐面(すいめん)、柱面は線織面の例であるが、前者では母線がすべて1点に集まり、後者ではすべての母線が平行である。一つの空間曲線の各点で引いた接線全体がつくる曲面は、接線曲面とよばれるが、これも線織面の例である。二次曲面のうちでは、一葉双曲面と双曲的放物面が線織面である。このような滑らかな曲面が直線から構成されているのは興味深い。

[立花俊一]

[参照項目] | 二次曲面
線織面の例
©Shogakukan">

線織面の例


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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