A state in which the blood supply to peripheral tissues is suddenly insufficient. It can be considered severe localized anemia. Symptoms include muscle weakness, low blood pressure, and tachycardia, as well as anxiety, confusion, facial pallor, and hypothermia. Causes include a sudden decrease in blood volume and venous blood return due to bleeding or dehydration (hemogenic), loss of vasoconstriction stimulation from the vasomotor center to peripheral blood vessels or dilation of blood vessels due to fear, severe pain, or heat (neurogenic), a decrease in blood flow to the myocardium during myocardial infarction, and direct impairment of vascular wall tone (vasculogenic). Treatment is oxygen inhalation, blood transfusion, and vasoconstrictors, cardiac inotropes, central stimulants, and corticosteroids depending on the cause and severity. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
末梢組織への血液供給が急激に不足する状態。高度の局所的貧血といえる。筋無力状態,血圧低下,頻脈などが起り,さらに不安感,意識混濁,顔面蒼白,体温下降を起す。原因は,出血,脱水などによって血液量および静脈血還流の急激な減少によるもの (血原性) ,恐怖,激痛,暑熱などのため,血管運動中枢から末梢血管への血管収縮刺激が消失するか,または血管が拡張するためのもの (神経原性) ,心筋梗塞などの際,心筋への血流減少によるもの (心原性) ,血管壁緊張が直接障害を受けるもの (血管原性) がある。治療はその原因,程度に応じ酸素吸入,輸血を行い,血管収縮剤,強心剤,中枢興奮剤,副腎皮質ステロイドなどを用いる。
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