Mössarna (English spelling)

…Then, the Baltic countries under Swedish rule also rebelled, and in 1718, the king's death in battle finally brought an end to Sweden's rule over the Baltic Sea. The following year, the king's sister, Ulrika Eleonora (reigned 1719-20), ascended to the throne. However, the autocracy was abolished, and real power was transferred to the Diet, leading to the emergence of two major parties of aristocrats, the Hattarna (meaning three-cornered hat) and the Mössarna (meaning nightcap). Since the king had no power, this was called the "Age of Freedom" (1719-72). However, foreign policy lacked consistency, a bureaucratic system took root, and the two parties were linked to foreign powers, putting the United Nations at risk. On the other hand, the long period of peace led to remarkable progress in the arts and sciences, and in the field of natural sciences, botanist Linnaeus, Celsius, the creator of the Celsius system, and chemist Scheele were among the scholars who emerged.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Mössarna" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…その後スウェーデン支配下のバルト海沿岸諸国も反旗を翻し，18年，国王の戦死も重なって，ついに同国のバルト海支配も終りを告げた。翌年，王の妹ウルリカ･エレオノーラUlrika Eleonora(在位1719‐20)が即位したが，専制政治が廃止され，実権が国会に移ったことから貴族による二大政党のハット党Hattarna(三角帽子の意)とメッサ党Mössarna(ナイトキャップの意)が出現し，国王に権力がないため〈自由の時代〉(1719‐72)と呼ばれたが，外交政策に一貫性を欠き，官僚制度が定着し，また，両党に外国勢力が結びつき，国連を危くする事態に陥った。その反面，平和時が続いたため学芸の進展が著しく，特に自然科学の分野では，植物学者のリンネ，摂氏の創始者セルシウス，化学者のシェーレなどが輩出した。…

※「Mössarna」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報