Tokyo University of the Arts

A national university corporation. Its predecessor was the government-run Tokyo School of Fine Arts and Tokyo Music School, which were founded in Ueno, Tokyo in 1887 (Meiji 20).

The Tokyo School of Fine Arts had its origins in 1884, when the Ministry of Education established an art education investigation committee and decided to establish a national art school. The following year, in 1885, the Ministry of Education's Specialized Educational Affairs Bureau established a drawing investigation section, with Ernest Fenollosa and Okakura Tenshin involved in the preparations for the school's establishment. The Tokyo School of Fine Arts aimed to train artists, teaching practical subjects such as painting and modeling in the general course (2-year program) and Japanese painting, sculpture, and arts and crafts in the specialized course (3-year program). The drawing instructor course (1-year program) trained general drawing teachers. Subsequently, the following departments were added: metal casting, metal forging, Western painting, design, modeling, drawing instructor, printmaking, and architecture. In 1946 (Showa 21), the school developed into a vocational school consisting of a one-year preparatory course, three to six years of main courses (painting, sculpture, crafts, architecture) and instructor courses, and a two-year research course.

Meanwhile, the Tokyo Music School originated from the Music Investigation Section, which was established within the Ministry of Education in 1879. The first person to be appointed as the official investigator was Izawa Shuji. The Investigation Section began investigating music both in Japan and overseas, and began music education at the affiliated schools of Tokyo Normal School and Tokyo Women's Normal School, while also training music teachers. The Music Investigation Section was later renamed the Music Investigation Office, and in 1887 became the Tokyo Music School. It continued to develop thereafter, and before the Second World War it already had four-year courses (vocal, instrumental, composition, Japanese music) and a teacher's course, as well as two-year elective courses and a research course.

In 1949, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts and the Tokyo Music School were merged to form a new national university with two faculties, the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Music, and the name was changed to Tokyo University of the Arts. As of 2010, the Faculty of Fine Arts has seven departments: Painting, Sculpture, Crafts, Design, Architecture, Art Studies, and Advanced Art Expression, while the Faculty of Music has seven departments: Composition, Vocal Music, Instrumental Music, Conducting, Japanese Music, Music Theory, and Musical Environment Creation. Education places emphasis on practical training through individual instruction not found in ordinary universities, and on the development of creativity. There are graduate courses (Master's and Doctoral) for training researchers, as well as a Graduate School of Film and Media Studies. On-campus facilities include the University Art Museum, the Language and Voice Training Center, the Ancient Art Research Facility and Photography Center attached to the Faculty of Fine Arts, and the Music High School attached to the Faculty of Music. In April 2004, following the enforcement of the National University Corporation Act, the university became a national university corporation. It is located at 12-8 Ueno Park, Taito-ku, Tokyo.

[Toru Magose]

"Exhibition of Masterpieces from the Tokyo University of the Arts Collection, edited by the Tokyo University of the Arts Faculty of Fine Arts Editorial Committee (1978, Tokyo University of the Arts)" ▽ "Tokyo University of the Arts Music Education Promotion Association , edited by the Tokyo University of the Arts Music Education Promotion Committee (1978, Tokyo University of the Arts)" ▽ "Art Research Promotion Foundation, Tokyo University of the Arts Centennial History Editorial Committee, edited by the Tokyo University of the Arts Centennial History: Faculty of Fine Arts (2003, Gyosei)" ▽ "Art Research Promotion Foundation, Tokyo University of the Arts Centennial History Editorial Committee, edited by the Tokyo University of the Arts Centennial History: Faculty of Music (2004, Ongakunotomosha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国立大学法人。1887年（明治20）東京・上野に創設された官立の東京美術学校と東京音楽学校が前身。

　東京美術学校は、1884年文部省内に図画教育調査委員が置かれ、官立美術学校の設立が決定されたことに端を発する。翌1885年文部省専門学務局に図画取調掛(とりしらべがかり)が置かれ、アーネスト・フェノロサや岡倉天心が創設の準備にあたった。この東京美術学校は、芸術家養成を目的として、普通科（2年制）では絵画・造型などの実技学科を、専修科（3年制）では日本画・彫刻・美術工芸を教授した。図画教員課程（1年制）では普通図画教員の養成を行った。その後、鋳金科、鍛金科、西洋画科、図案科、塑造科、図画師範科、製版科、建築科が増設され、1946年（昭和21）には、修業年限1年の予科、3～6年の本科（絵画、彫刻、工芸、建築）・師範科、2年の研究科からなる専門学校に発展した。

　一方、東京音楽学校は、1879年文部省内に設置された音楽取調掛に起源を有する。初代の御用掛に任命されたのは伊沢修二であった。取調掛では内外音楽の調査をはじめ、東京師範学校・東京女子師範学校の附属学校で音楽教育を開始すると同時に、音楽教員の養成にも着手した。その後、音楽取調掛は音楽取調所と改称され、1887年東京音楽学校となった。その後も発展を続け、第二次世界大戦前にすでに修業年限4年の本科（声楽、器楽、作曲、邦楽）・師範科、2年の選科・研究科を有していた。

　1949年（昭和24）東京美術学校と東京音楽学校が統合され、美術学部と音楽学部の2学部からなる新制の国立大学として、東京芸術大学と改称された。2010年（平成22）時点で、美術学部には絵画、彫刻、工芸、デザイン、建築、芸術学、先端芸術表現の7学科、音楽学部には作曲、声楽、器楽、指揮、邦楽、楽理、音楽環境創造の7学科が置かれている。一般の大学にはみられない個人指導による実技修練と、創造性の開発に教育の重点を置いている。研究者養成のための大学院（修士・博士）課程が設置されているほか、映像研究科がある。学内施設としては、大学美術館、言語・音声トレーニングセンターのほかに、美術学部附属古美術研究施設および写真センター、音楽学部附属音楽高等学校がある。2004年4月、国立大学法人法の施行に伴い、国立大学法人となる。所在地は東京都台東(たいとう)区上野公園12-8。

［馬越　徹］

『東京芸術大学美術学部編集委員会編『東京芸術大学所蔵名品展』（1978・東京芸術大学）』▽『東京芸術大学音楽教育振興会編『音楽学部の歩み』（1978・東京芸術大学）』▽『芸術研究振興財団、東京芸術大学百年史編集委員会編『東京芸術大学百年史　美術学部篇』（2003・ぎょうせい）』▽『芸術研究振興財団、東京芸術大学百年史編集委員会編『東京芸術大学百年史　音楽学部篇』（2004・音楽之友社）』

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