The term refers to the 30 famous gods in Japan who take turns guarding the Lotus Sutra (Hokekyo) for 30 days each month, and also refers to these 30 gods. They are also called Banshin for short. This idea of guarding originated in ancient China, during the Five Dynasties period, when Zen master Gosozan Kai established the Sanjuunichibutsumyō (Thirty Days of Buddha's Name), which was adopted by the Tendai sect in Japan and later became popular in the Nichiren sect. The "Records of the Gods" lists seven guardian deities, including Tenchi Hogo, but the Hokke Shugo is particularly well known. Starting from the first day, they are: Atsuta, Suwa, Hirota, Kehi, Keta, Kashima, Kitano, Ebumi, Kibune, Ise, Hachiman, Kamo, Matsuo, These deities are enshrined as paintings or statues in the Banshin-do halls of Nichiren sect temples, and some of the paintings date back to the end of the Kamakura period. [Ken Mitsuhashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
わが国の著名な30神が、1か月30日間を毎日交番で法華経(ほけきょう)を守護するということ、また、その30神のこと。略して番神ともいう。このような結番思想は、古代中国、五代のころに五祖山(ごそざん)戒禅師が制定した三十日仏名(さんじゅうにちぶつみょう)におこり、それがわが国の天台宗に取り入れられ、のちに日蓮(にちれん)宗において盛んとなったといわれる。『諸神記』に天地擁護をはじめ、7種の番神を掲げてあるが、とりわけ法華守護は一般に知られており、第1日目から順に、熱田(あつた)、諏訪(すわ)、広田、気比(けひ)、気多(けた)、鹿島(かしま)、北野、江文(えぶみ)、貴船(きぶね)、伊勢(いせ)、八幡(はちまん)、賀茂(かも)、松尾(まつのお)、大原野、春日(かすが)、平野(ひらの)、大比叡(おおびえ)、小比叡(おびえ)、聖真子(しょうじんじ)、客人(きゃくじん)、八王子、稲荷(いなり)、住吉(すみよし)、祇園(ぎおん)、赤山(せきざん)、建部(たけべ)、三上(みかみ)、兵主(ひょうず)、苗鹿(のうか)、吉備津(きびつ)の各神をあてる。これらの神は絵像や彫像として日蓮宗寺院の番神堂などに祭られ、なかには鎌倉時代末期までさかのぼる絵像もある。 [三橋 健] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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