(1) Chemically, it means the property of neutralizing the action of acids, but according to JN Broenstede's definition, it means affinity with H+, and according to GN Lewis' definition, it means the ability to donate electron pairs. In an aqueous system, something that gives off hydroxide ions OH- is basic, and when the hydrogen ion exponent of a solution is pH > 7, it is called a basic solution (Nagakura et al.: 1998). (2) It is the opposite of acid, and is used for rocks that are poor in silica (SiO 2 ). When referring to basic rocks, different researchers use different SiO 2 content ranges. Generally, the lower limit is 52% [Abichi: 1841, Beaumont: 1847]. Basic rocks are generally of volcanic origin, and are rich in MgO, FeO, CaO, Al 2 O 3, etc., and when they undergo metamorphism, amphibole, plagioclase, epidote, chlorite, pyroxene, etc. are formed, and the mineral composition changes greatly depending on the external conditions. The same applies to basite, subsili-ceous [Winchell: 1913], subsilicic [Clarke: 1908], etc. Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information |
(1) 化学的には酸の働きを中和する性質を意味したが,ブレーンステッド(J. N. Broenstede)の定義ではH+との親和性,ルイス(G. N. Lewis)の定義では電子対の供与性を示す.水溶液系では水酸化物イオンOH-を与えるものが塩基性を示し,溶液の水素イオン指数がpH>7のときに塩基性溶液という(長倉ほか : 1998).(2) 酸性(acid)に対する語で,シリカ(SiO2)に乏しい岩石に用いる.塩基性岩という場合の範囲は研究者によって異なったSiO2含有量が用いられる.一般には52%を下限にすることが多い[Abichi : 1841, Beaumont : 1847].塩基性の岩石は一般に火山岩起源のものが多く,MgO, FeO, CaO, Al2O3などに富んでおり,変成作用を受けると角閃石,斜長石,緑簾石,緑泥石,輝石などが形成され,外的な条件によって鉱物組成が非常に変化する.ベーサイト(basite),サブシリシアス(subsili-ceous)[Winchell : 1913]サブリシック(subsilicic)[Clarke : 1908]など同じである. 出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報 |
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