…At that time in China, it was common for temples to operate mills. The word mill meant a stone mill, but it also referred to a wheat flour mill that used a waterwheel as power to operate the millstones, and it was a word that was the exact equivalent of the English word mill. At Todaiji Temple in Nara, "During the Tenpyo period, an agate mill was in the kitchen of the Todaiji Temple dining hall, which was a tribute from the Goryeo Dynasty. From the factory…This mill was a success, and after a few years it had 9,000 spindles and employed 300 workers, becoming a model factory. As a result, the word "mill," which meant a watermill, came to mean a factory, and early cotton factories were called "cotton mills," and the inventor Arkwright also became known as the first person to complete a factory in the world. However, as long as the factory's motive power relied on water power, it was not possible to obtain powerful horsepower, and it was sometimes impossible to use during the winter freeze or summer dry spells. … From [Crusher] ...A grinding machine used for relatively coarse grinding, i.e., crushing, is sometimes called a crusher. A grinding machine used for relatively fine grinding is sometimes commonly called a mill. From 【Boxing】…In 1719, he opened a school of self-defense in London, and as its owner he called himself the English champion. He never refused anyone who challenged him, and he is said to have defeated them all. At that time, the term Puigilism, mill, or prize fight was more common than boxing, and the format of the match itself was very different from that of today. First of all, gloves were not worn, and the matches were fought with bare fists. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "mill" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…当時,中国では寺が碾磑経営をするのが常であった。碾磑とは石製の挽き臼を意味すると同時に,水車を動力として石臼を動かす小麦製粉工場全体を指す語でもあり,英語のミルmillにそっくり対応する語であった。奈良の東大寺には〈天平のころ,瑪瑙(めのう)輾害が東大寺食堂の厨屋にあり,これは高麗国より貢いだものである。… 【工場】より…この工場は成功して数年後には9000錘を設備し,300人の労働者を雇用して工場のモデルとなった。このため水車小屋を意味した〈ミルmill〉が工場(ファクトリーfactory)の意味に用いられて,初期の綿工場は〈コットン・ミル〉と呼ばれ,発明家アークライトはまた世界最初の工場の完成者として知られるようになった。 しかし工場の原動力が水力に依存する限り,強力な馬力は得られないし,冬の凍結期や夏の渇水期には利用できないこともあった。… 【粉砕機】より…比較的粗い粉砕,すなわち破砕に使われる粉砕機を破砕機またはクラッシャーcrusherと呼ぶことがある。また比較的細かな粉砕に使われる粉砕機を俗にミルmillと呼ぶ場合がある。 【ボクシング】より…1719年にはロンドンに〈自己防衛術の学校〉を開き,フィッグはオーナーであるとともにイギリス・チャンピオンと称し,挑戦してくるものを一切拒まず,またことごとく撃退したといわれる。当時はボクシングというより,古来からのピュージリズム,ミルmill,あるいはプライズ・ファイトprize fightという呼び方が一般的で,試合形式そのものも現在のものとは大きく異なっていた。まず,グローブは着用せず,試合では裸のこぶしでやり合った。… ※「mill」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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