Nikopoia

...The great development of the iconography occurred in Byzantine art after Iconoclasm, when numerous types of icons were established. The main types include the Nikopoia type, in which the Virgin and Infant face forward and the Virgin holds the Infant in her arms (e.g., the mosaic in the south foyer of the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, c. 1118), the Hodēgetria type, in which the Virgin holds the Infant in her left arm, and the more affectionate Glykophilousa type, in which the Infant rests against the Virgin's cheek (e.g., the Virgin of Vladimir, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, 12th century). These Eastern prototypes were introduced into Western Europe, where in the Romanesque period they were represented as wooden devotional figures such as the "Seat of Sophia," and in the Gothic period elegant standing statues of the Virgin Mary in the tradition of the Hodegetria type adorned many churches (e.g., the north transept of Notre Dame de Paris, c. 1250).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Nikopoia" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…大々的な展開は，イコノクラスム以降のビザンティン美術に生じ，いわゆるイコンとして数多くの型式が確立された。主要なものとしては，ニコポイアNikopoia型すなわち聖母，幼児ともに正面向きで聖母が両手に幼児を抱く型(イスタンブールのハギア･ソフィア南階土間のモザイク，1118ころ，など)，ホデゲトリアHodēgetria型，すなわち左腕に幼児を抱く聖母，あるいはより情愛に満ちたグリュコフィルサGlykophilousa型，すなわち聖母にほおをすり寄せる幼児(《ウラジーミルの聖母》モスクワのトレチヤコフ美術館，12世紀，など)等が挙げられる。これら東方の原型は西ヨーロッパに導入され，ロマネスク期には木彫の礼拝座像の《上智の座》として表され，ゴシック期にはホデゲトリア型の伝統を継ぐ優美な聖母立像が多くの教会堂を飾った(パリのノートル･ダム大聖堂北袖廊正面，1250ころ，など)。…

※「Nikopoia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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