Date of birth and death unknown. Italy's most accomplished artist of the mid-14th century, active in many fields including painting, sculpture, and architecture. His real name was Andrea di Cione, and he is said to have been active from 1344 to 1368. He created the altarpiece for the Strozzi Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence between 1354 and 1357, but in this work he abandoned the naturalistic tendency of Giotto to some extent, returning to the strong religious atmosphere seen in Roman and Byzantine paintings of the late Middle Ages. Several assistants assisted in the creation of the tabernacle (a sacred sacrum) completed in 1356 for the Or San Michele in Florence, and although it has been criticized for being overly decorated, there is no sign of any flaws in the overall arrangement. It is believed that the reliefs on the upper back of the tabernacle, "Death of the Virgin" and "Assumption of the Virgin," are his own work. In 1859 he went to Orvieto, where he stayed until 1862, helping to create the mosaics in front of the cathedral. After returning to Florence, he was involved in the design of the new cathedral, which had already begun at that time, but his ideas were never put into practice. Orcagna's paintings show the influence of Giotto and other Sienese painters, but his fame throughout his life was due to his own bold and powerful style, most notably his Nativity in the Cathedral of Orvieto, and The Triumph of Death and The Last Judgment in Campo Santo, Pisa. [Katsuya Hamatani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生没年不詳。14世紀中葉のイタリアでもっとも優れた、そして絵画、彫刻、建築などの多方面に活躍した美術家。本名はアンドレア・ディ・チオーネAndrea di Cioneで、その活動期は1344年から68年とされる。54~57年にフィレンツェのサンタ・マリア・ノベッラ聖堂ストロッツィ礼拝堂の祭壇画を制作したが、この作品ではジョット以来の自然主義的傾向がある程度放棄され、中世後期のローマやビザンティンの絵画にみるような宗教的雰囲気の濃い表現に立ち返っている。56年にフィレンツェのオル・サン・ミケーレ聖堂に完成した聖櫃(せいひつ)の制作には数人の助手が協力しており、また装飾過多との批判もあるが、全体の配置にはいささかの破綻(はたん)もみられない。この聖櫃の背面上部を装う浮彫り『聖母の死』と『聖母被昇天』は彼自身の手になることが確実視される。59年にはオルビエートに赴き、62年まで滞在して大聖堂正面のモザイクの制作に協力した。フィレンツェに帰ってからは、おりから開始されていた新大聖堂の設計に関与するが、彼の構想が具体的に生かされることはなかった。 オルカーニャの絵画にはジョットおよびシエナ派の画家たちの影響も認められるが、彼独自の雄勁(ゆうけい)な手法が際だてられた諸作品により、その名声は生涯を通じて高かったという。オルビエト大聖堂の『聖母降誕』、ピサのカンポ・サントにある『死の勝利』『最後の審判』がよく知られている。 [濱谷勝也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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