Chrysalis (pupa) - Pupa (English spelling)

Japanese: さなぎ(蛹) - さなぎ（英語表記）pupa

This refers to a period between the larva and adult stages in the individual development of insects, and insects that have a pupal stage are called holometabolous insects. Since ancient times, the pupa has been considered an immobile stage in the middle of the metamorphosis process. Aristotle viewed insect metamorphosis as larva → pupa (= egg stage) → winged adult. The Emperor Nintoku chapter of the Nihon Shoki also describes a crawling insect → a shell → an insect that becomes a flying bird, and the position of the pupa is the same in both the East and the West. The surface of the pupa's body is covered entirely with a hard cuticle, the individual is in a nearly stationary state, and has a structure nearly identical to that of an adult, but neither the internal nor external structures are yet functional.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

昆虫の個体発生において幼虫と成虫のあいだにくる一時期をさし，蛹（よう）期のある昆虫を完全変態昆虫という。古くからさなぎは変態過程の中間にくる不動期としてとらえられてきた。アリストテレスは昆虫の変態を幼虫→さなぎ(＝卵期)→有翅（ゆうし）の成虫というみかたをした。また，《日本書紀》の仁徳天皇紀に匍（は）う虫→殻→飛ぶ鳥となる虫とあり，さなぎの位置づけは東西で共通している。　さなぎの体表はすべて硬いクチクラでおおわれ，個体はほぼ静止状態にあり，成虫とほぼ同一の構造をとるが，内部構造･外部構造ともまだ機能的ではない。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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