Cabaret - Cabaret (English spelling) French

Japanese: キャバレー - きゃばれー(英語表記)cabaret フランス語
Cabaret - Cabaret (English spelling) French

The word is said to have its origin in the Latin cavus (hole), cave (basement), camere (room), the Old Dutch cabret (room), or the Arabic khamaret (tavern). In French it meant tavern, and in the late 17th century it also meant a tray on which tea utensils and liqueur cups were placed, but now it means a dance hall or a bar with a stage where hostesses serve and bands and shows are held. Originally in Europe, it developed as an anti-social hangout spot for artists such as taverns and restaurants. In 1881, "Chat Noir" (The Black Cat) was founded in Montmartre, Paris, and so-called art cabarets and literary cabarets appeared. There, witty and satirical folk art such as socially critical chansons and skits were developed. This movement spread throughout Europe, including Vienna, Munich, and Berlin, and in the first half of the 20th century, a world of cabaret culture called the "small art stage" was established, but it declined after World War II. In Japan, what is called a cabaret was first established in 1945 (Showa 20) in Tokyo's Ginza district as the Oasis of Ginza, a cabaret exclusively for the occupying forces, and then cabarets for the general public appeared, which are now considered to be entertainment businesses under the jurisdiction of the Prefectural Public Safety Commission.Furthermore, establishments that do not employ hostesses and are open late at night, where customers can enjoy food and drink, band performances, shows, etc., are called nightclubs and are distinguished from cabarets.

[Noh Sato]

"The Cultural History of Cabaret" by Heinz Groyle, translated by Tadashi Hirai and Hideki Tanabe (1983, Arina Shobo) " "The Art of Cabaret" by Hideo Kikumori (1984, Ronsosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラテン語のcavus(穴)、cave(地下室)、camere(部屋)、古いオランダ語のcabret(部屋)あるいはアラビア語のkhamaret(居酒屋)などが語源といわれる。フランス語では居酒屋を意味し、17世紀末にはまた茶器やリキュール杯をのせる盆のことをさしたが、現在ではダンスホールや舞台のある酒場で、ホステスがサービスをし、バンド演奏やショーなどが行われる施設をいう。もともとヨーロッパでは、居酒屋、飲食店など芸術家たちのたむろする、反社会的雰囲気の溜(たま)り場として発展した。1881年、パリのモンマルトルに「シャ・ノワール」(黒猫)が誕生し、いわゆる芸術キャバレー、文学キャバレーが登場する。そこでは、社会批判的シャンソンや寸劇など、機知と風刺のきいた民衆芸術が展開された。この運動はウィーン、ミュンヘン、ベルリンなどヨーロッパ中に広まり、20世紀前半には、「小芸術舞台」といわれるキャバレー文化の世界が成立したが、第二次世界大戦後は衰微した。日本ではキャバレーとよばれるものは、1945年(昭和20)東京・銀座に進駐軍専用のキャバレーとしてオアシス・オブ・ギンザができ、ついで一般用のものも現れ、都道府県公安委員会の管轄になる風俗営業とされている。また、ホステスを置かず、飲食やバンド演奏、ショーなどを楽しむ深夜営業の施設はナイト・クラブとよんで、キャバレーとは区別されている。

[佐藤農人]

『ハインツ・グロイル著、平井正・田辺秀樹訳『キャバレーの文化史』(1983・ありな書房)』『菊盛英夫著『芸術キャバレー』(1984・論創社)』

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