Italian architect and painter. Born in Siena, he was mainly active in Rome. He was baptized on March 7th and died on January 6th in Rome. His early training is unknown, but he is thought to have studied painting under Pintoricchio, and in 1501 he participated in the decoration of the ceiling of the Chapel of San Giovanni in Siena Cathedral (lost). Around 1503, he went to Rome and produced murals in the Vatican and the Basilica of San Onofrio. From 1509 to 1511, he built a villa for Agostino Chisi (a Sienese banker) and produced murals for it (this villa was later owned by the Farnese family and is therefore called the Farnesina). It is a simple Renaissance-style building with a U-shaped plan, and his knowledge of stage scenery is well displayed in its "Perspective Room". He participated in the construction of St. Peter's Basilica as Bramante's assistant, and in 1520 he became its associate chief architect. He was taken prisoner during the Sack of Rome in 27, and after returning to Siena, he became the chief architect of San Pietro in 1531. The representative work of this period is Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne (started around 1532/35), in which Mannerist characteristics can already be seen in the curved façade and the unique composition of single-columns and columns. [Shinozuka Fumio] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの建築家、画家。シエナ出身であるが主としてローマで活躍した。3月7日受洗、1月6日ローマで没した。初期の修業は不明であるが、ピントリッキョのもとで画業を学んだと思われ、1501年シエナ大聖堂内のサン・ジョバンニ礼拝堂の天井画装飾に参加している(消失)。03年ごろローマに出、バチカン宮やサン・オノフリオ聖堂などで壁画を制作。09~11年にはアゴスティーノ・キジ(シエナの銀行家)のために別荘を建て、その壁画を制作した(この別荘はのちにファルネーゼ家の所有となったのでファルネジーナとよばれる)。U字形プランの簡潔なルネサンス様式の建物で、その「遠近法の間」には彼の舞台背景画の知識がよく発揮されている。ブラマンテの助手としてサン・ピエトロ大聖堂の建設に参加、20年にはその準主任建築家となる。27年のローマ劫掠(ごうりゃく)のとき捕虜となり、いったんシエナに帰ったのち、31年サン・ピエトロの主任建築家となった。この時期の代表作がパラッツォ・マッシモ・アレ・コロンネ(1532/35ころ着手)で、曲面のファサードや片蓋(かたふた)柱と円柱の独自の構成などに、マニエリスム的特徴がすでに認められる。 [篠塚二三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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