Oryol (English spelling) Орёл/Oryol

Japanese: オリョール - おりょーる(英語表記)Орёл/Oryol
Oryol (English spelling) Орёл/Oryol

The capital of Oryol Oblast in the western part of the Russian Federation. It is located where the Orlik River flows into the Oka River. It has a population of 346,500 (1999). It is an industrial city with industries such as machinery (textiles, leather, shoemaking, glass, food industry equipment, road construction machinery, agricultural machinery parts, watches, computers), food, and construction materials. The city's origins date back to 1566, when a fortress was built to prevent Tatar attacks on Moscow. It flourished as a commercial city in the 18th and 19th centuries, and various handicraft products were produced. After the Russian Revolution (1917), it became an industrial city. The city is located on the hills on the left bank of the Oka River, but in recent years the urban area has expanded, with newly developed industrial and residential areas extending to the right bank of the Oka River and the south bank of the Orlik River. It is the birthplace of the writer Turgenev, and his birthplace is now a museum. It is home to a pedagogical university and a railway junction, and the main road connecting Moscow and Kharkov (Ukraine) passes through it. A fierce battlefield during World War II.

[Taizo Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦西部、オリョール州の州都。オカ川にオルリク川が流入する地点にある。人口34万6500(1999)。機械(繊維、皮革、製靴、ガラス、食品工業設備、道路建設用機械、農業機械部品、時計、電算機)、食品、建設資材工業などのある工業都市。市の起源は1566年、モスクワへのタタール人の来襲を防ぐ要塞(ようさい)がつくられたことに始まる。18、19世紀に商都として栄え、各種の手工業製品も生産された。ロシア革命(1917)後、工業都市となった。市街はオカ川左岸の丘陵にあるが、近年市街地が拡大し、オカ川右岸、オルリク川南岸に新興工業地帯と住宅地が延びている。作家ツルゲーネフの生地で、その生家が博物館になっている。教育大学があり、鉄道の分岐点で、モスクワ―ハリコフ(ウクライナ)を結ぶ幹線道路が通っている。第二次世界大戦の激戦地。

[中村泰三]

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