The Ten Philosophers of Shomon

The term refers to ten outstanding haiku poets who were disciples of Basho. "Tetsu" means a person who understands the principles of things and has great insight. It is an expression modeled on the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" (disciples of Confucius). In "The Master's Speech" (1705, collected in "Monzen" [Selection of Manners and Customs]) by his disciple Kyoriku, the term "Disciples of the Ten Philosophers" appears, and since then, many scholars, including Shiko, have used the term, but there is no consensus as to who the ten people are. In Qingqing's "Continued Tales of Eccentric Haiku Poets" (1832), a painting purportedly by Buson includes the names of Kikaku, Tokabo (Shiko), Kyoroku, Kyorai, Ransetsu, Jousou, Yaba, Sugikaze, Hokushi, and Etsujin, and since then the term has often referred to these ten people. Of these, Sokaku, Ransetsu, Kyorai, and Takesou are mentioned throughout various books from the Edo period, but the others are sometimes replaced with Sora, Ranran, Izen, Senna, Tourin, Boncho, Kakei, Kyokusui, Masahide, Fuchiku, Shohaku, Shado, Otsuyu, Toho, and Sonome.

[Yamashita Kazumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

芭蕉(ばしょう)門下の10人の優れた俳人のこと。「哲」はものの道理をわきまえて識見高い人の意。「孔門十哲」（孔子の門下）に倣った言い方。門下の許六(きょりく)の「師の説」（1705。『風俗文選(もんぜん)』所収）に「十哲の門人」の語があり、その後、支考(しこう)はじめ諸家が説いているが、その10人がだれをさすかについては一定しない。青青著『続俳家奇人談』（1832）中の蕪村(ぶそん)筆という賛画に、其角(きかく)、東花坊(とうかぼう)（支考）、許六、去来(きょらい)、嵐雪(らんせつ)、丈草(じょうそう)、野坡(やば)、杉風(さんぷう)、北枝(ほくし)、越人(えつじん)があげられていて、以来この10人をさすことが多い。そのうち其角、嵐雪、去来、丈草は江戸時代の諸書を通じてあげられているが、ほかは、曽良(そら)、嵐蘭(らんらん)、惟然(いぜん)、千那(せんな)、桃隣(とうりん)、凡兆(ぼんちょう)、荷兮(かけい)、曲翠(きょくすい)、正秀(まさひで)、諷竹(ふうちく)、尚白(しょうはく)、洒堂(しゃどう)、乙由(おつゆう)、土芳(とほう)、園女(そのめ)らと入れ替えられていることがある。

［山下一海］

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