Ohlin - Bertil Gotthard Ohlin

Japanese: オリーン - おりーん(英語表記)Bertil Gotthard Ohlin
Ohlin - Bertil Gotthard Ohlin

Swedish economist and politician. He studied at Lund University and Stockholm University, and received his Ph.D. in Economics in 1924. He was professor at the University of Copenhagen and the Stockholm School of Economics, and was visiting professor at the University of California and the University of Virginia several times. He took a conservative stance in politics, and was active as a senator in 1938, Minister of Commerce from 1944 to 1945, and President of the People's Party from 1946 to 1967. He was a prominent member of the Swedish school, and is known for his contributions to international economics. He is famous for the "transfer debate" with Keynes on the issue of German reparations after World War I, and for his contributions to the modernization of international trade theory through the application of general equilibrium analysis. This theory, which he developed in his main work Interregional and International Trade (1933), is known as the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem, and occupies an important position as a fundamental theory of international economics. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1977.

[Atsushi Murakami]

[References] | Transfer controversy | Heckscher-Ohlin theorem

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スウェーデンの経済学者、政治家。ルンド大学、ストックホルム大学に学び、1924年経済学博士。コペンハーゲン大学、ストックホルム商科大学の教授を歴任し、数回にわたりカリフォルニア大学、バージニア大学で客員教授も務めた。政治活動では保守的な立場をとり、1938年上院議員、1944~1945年商務大臣、1946~1967年国民党総裁として活躍した。スウェーデン学派の有力なメンバーであり、国際経済学における貢献は著名である。第一次世界大戦後のドイツ賠償金支払い問題をめぐっては、国際収支調整に関するケインズとの「トランスファー論争」で有名であり、また、国際貿易理論においては、一般均衡分析の適用によりその近代化に大きな業績をあげた。この理論は、主著『貿易理論――域際および国際貿易』Interregional and International Trade(1933)において展開され、ヘクシャー‐オリーンの定理として知られており、国際経済学の基礎理論として重要な位置を占めている。1977年ノーベル経済学賞受賞。

[村上 敦]

[参照項目] | トランスファー論争 | ヘクシャー‐オリーンの定理

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